ArticleInternal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)2020
Etiologies of Proptosis: A review.
Article in Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- ProptoView: AI-based digital exophthalmometry using multi-view facial images in a multinational validation study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Orbital Extension of Sinonasal Mucocele Presenting as Proptosis: A Report of Two Cases.Cureus · 2026Article
- Use of Deep Learning Models in the Diagnosis of Proptosis Through Orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Hospital-Based Reference Values for Hertel Exophthalmometry in Nepal.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Aesthetic Deep Orbital Fat Decompression for Proptosis of Nonthyroidal Origin: A Case Series of 23 Patients.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Article
- Orbital metastasis of renal cell carcinoma masquerading as thyroid ophthalmopathy.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- When patients present with bulging eyes: A case series of proptosis.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2025Article
- Spontaneous Medial Rectus Haematoma: A Sight-Threatening Complication of Warfarin Toxicity.Cureus · 2025Article
- Unilateral Proptosis as the Initial Manifestation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Young Adult.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Orbital Lesions: A bird's eye view of series of 2068 cases in 27 years in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Deep learning methods for diagnosis of graves' ophthalmopathy using magnetic resonance imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Morphometric Analysis of the Eye by Magnetic Resonance Imaging inBiomedicines · 2024Article
- Unilateral Proptosis and Bilateral Compressive Optic Neuropathy in a Meningioma Patient.Cureus · 2024Article
- Unusual case of 'scorbutic proptosis'.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and clinical features of orbital vascular anomalies in children.Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Severe proptosis during cataract surgery.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2023Article
- Using Smartphone Exophthalmometry to Measure Eyeball Protrusion.JAMA ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Unilateral proptosis as a neglected case of sphenoid wing meningioma: a case report and healthcare challenges in rural Indonesia.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Proptosis, the protrusion of the eyeball from the orbit, results from a wide variety of pathologies that can be vision- or life-threatening. Clinical history, associated physical exam findings, and imaging features are all crucial in establishing the underlying etiology. The differential diagnosis is broad, and includes infectious, inflammatory, vascular, and neoplastic entities that range from benign and indolent, to malignant and aggressive. While treatment varies significantly based on the disease process, all are aimed at preserving vision, salvaging the globe, preventing disfigurement, and reducing mortality. Both internists and general ophthalmologists should be familiar with the causes of proptosis in order to initiate the work-up for, and appropriately triage, affected patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.