ReviewScience (New York, N.Y.)2020
Prenatal development of human immunity.
Review in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sensitive periods to social adversity in immune and metabolic development: A systematic review.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy or infancy on multiple food allergies and gut microbiota: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Gero-Immunology: The critical role of aging when defining immune phenotypes.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Thymic function as a central determinant of immune competence and clinical outcomes.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- From animal models to NAMs: a paradigm shift in developmental immunotoxicity testing.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- In Utero Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Changes in Infant T Helper Cell Development among UPSIDE-ECHO Cohort Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Article
- Vaccine Responses in Early Age.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Perturbation of the preterm human immune system in early life.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Immune gene expression dynamics across the lifespan of Tibetan macaques (Current zoology · 2026Article
- Prenatal training grounds: the developmental origins of chronic immune disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Limited protection against early-life lung murine cytomegalovirus infection results from deficiency of cytotoxic CD8 T cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Atlas of Fetal Immune Development Across Lung, Spleen, and Umbilical Cord Blood in Nonhuman Primates.Research square · 2026Article
- Unveiling balanced prenatal microbial colonization in amniotic fluid through an integrated culture and sequencing approach.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- TCR repertoire shaping of naïve T cell subsets in human ontogeny.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Transcriptional coordination in multicellular lineage differentiation during lung organogenesis: deciphering the role of epithelial cells as a microenvironmental regulatory hub.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Decoupling of maternal and neonatal inflammatory levels at the maternal-fetal interface: evidence from a population-based proteomic study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Early maternal obesity shapes offspring development through immune mechanisms: a systematized review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between the microbiome and the mucosal immunoglobulin A system in the lung, in health and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The blood and immune systems develop in parallel during early prenatal life. Waves of hematopoiesis separated in anatomical space and time give rise to circulating and tissue-resident immune cells. Previous observations have relied on animal models, which differ from humans in both their developmental timeline and exposure to microorganisms. Decoding the composition of the human immune system is now tractable using single-cell multi-omics approaches. Large-scale single-cell genomics, imaging technologies, and the Human Cell Atlas initiative have together enabled a systems-level mapping of the developing human immune system and its emergent properties. Although the precise roles of specific immune cells during development require further investigation, the system as a whole displays malleable and responsive properties according to developmental need and environmental challenge.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.