ArticleBMJ open2020
Effect of adiposity on differences in carotid plaque burden in studies conducted in Norway and Russia: a cross-sectional analysis of two populations at very different risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Adult Populations in Europe and North America (USA, Canada): A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies (2015-2025).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association between alcohol consumption and carotid atherosclerosis in Russia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Obesity Prevalence and Associated Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Health Behaviors in Russia and Norway.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in physiological risk biomarkers and the role of lifestyles among Russians aged 35-69 years.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesLarge differences exist in the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between Russia and Western European countries including Norway. Obesity prevalence may contribute to the differences. We investigated whether difference in the level of adiposity, assessed using body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), could explain intercountry differences in the burden of carotid plaque, a measure of atherosclerosis, in the populations.
designCross-sectional analysis. Logistic and linear regression models were used.
settingWe used population-based cross-sectional Know Your Heart (KYH) study in Russia and the Tromsø 7 study (Tromsø 7) in Norway.
participants3262 and 1800 men and women aged 40-69 years in KYH and Tromsø 7, respectively. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME: The presence of carotid plaques and plaque score assessed using ultrasound.
resultsThe presence of carotid plaques and plaque score were higher in KYH than Tromsø 7 regardless of age group and sex. A positive association between carotid plaque burden and adiposity was found (OR of having at least one plaque per SD in WHR 1.18 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.31) for men; 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) for women)) adjusted for age, smoking and education in a pooled analysis of the two studies. There was little evidence of the interaction between study and adiposity. These effects did not differ between the two studies. However, neither adiposity nor CVD risk factors (smoking, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated haemoglobin) explained the higher carotid plaque burden in KYH compared with Tromsø 7.
conclusionAdiposity, especially abdominal adiposity, is a risk factor for carotid plaque in Russia and Norway, although neither adiposity nor established CVD risk factors explained the higher plaque burden in Russia. To reduce the CVD burden in Russia, beyond prevention and treatment of adiposity, further research is required to understand why Russia has a high burden of atherosclerosis.
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