ArticleEMBO molecular medicine2020
Is BCG vaccination causally related to reduced COVID-19 mortality?
Article in EMBO molecular medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in migrants and ethnic minorities compared with the general population in the European WHO region during the first year of the pandemic: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccine landscape: A global perspective.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Prevalence and functional profile of SARS-CoV-2 T cells in asymptomatic Kenyan adults.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID-19.Allergy · 2023Review
- BCG vaccination policy, natural boosting and pediatric brain and CNS tumor incidences.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Narrative review on century of respiratory pandemics from Spanish flu to COVID-19 and impact of nanotechnology on COVID-19 diagnosis and immune system boosting.Virology journal · 2022Review
- BCG and SARS-CoV-2-What Have We Learned?Vaccines · 2022Review
- Sero-prevalence and risk factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection in women and children in a rural district of Bangladesh: A cohort study.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Latent tuberculosis reactivation in the setting of SARS-Cov-2 infection: The analysis of the radiologic features that help the diagnosis.Radiology case reports · 2022Article
- Trained immunity: A Yin-Yang balance.MedComm · 2022Review
- Erythema and Induration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Scar Associated With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Japan: A Case Report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Mechanism of COVID-19-Related Proteins in Spinal Tuberculosis: Immune Dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Beyond: Exploring Public Health Benefits from Non-Specific Effects of BCG Vaccination.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Childhood Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccination and Its Association With Less Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- BCG vaccination potential for COVID-19: an analytical approach.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Review
- Worldwide inverse correlation between Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization and COVID-19 mortality.Infection · 2021Article
- Endemic infections, vaccinations, and variability of SARS-COV2 worldwide epidemiology: A cross-sectional study.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Severity and Neonatal BCG Vaccination among Young Population in Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Protective role of intravesical BCG in COVID-19 severity.BMC urology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ongoing severe acute respiratory sickness coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in more than 3,600,000 detected cases of COVID-19 illness and nearly 260,000 deaths worldwide as of May 6, 2020. Recently, BCG vaccination was shown to correlate with reduced COVID-19 case fatality rates (preprint: Miller et al, 2020; preprint: Sala & Miyakawa, 2020; https://www.jsatonotes.com/2020/03/if-i-were-north-americaneuropeanaustral.html). The most recent data from publicly available resources also indicate that both COVID-19 incidence and total deaths are strongly associated with the presence or absence of national mandatory BCG vaccination programs. As seen in Table 1, seven of eight countries with very low numbers of total deaths (< 40 per 1 million population) adopted a mandatory BCG vaccination program using one of a set of 6 separate BCG strains (Table 1). In contrast, COVID-19 mortality was markedly higher in countries where BCG vaccination is not widely administered or is given only to high-risk groups. COVID-19 mortality was also higher in countries where widespread BCG vaccination was discontinued more than 20 years ago and in countries that used the BCG Denmark strain regularly or temporarily. This raises the question of whether BCG vaccination and reduced COVID-19 mortality are causally related. An additional question is why different BCG strains may be variably associated with mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.