ReviewBMJ global health2020
Using implementation science theories and frameworks in global health.
Review in BMJ global health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of traditional Chinese exercises in cancer patients: a mixed-methods systematic review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- The State of the Art of Telemedicine Implementation Architecture: Rapid Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Adaptability, Scalability and Sustainability (ASaS) of complex health interventions: a systematic review of theories, models and frameworks.Implementation science : IS · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Barriers and enablers in the implementation and sustainability of toothbrushing programs in early childhood settings and primary schools: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2022Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Interventions to Evaluate and Reduce Healthcare Costs of Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions among the Older Adults: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Enhancing the quality of psychological interventions delivered by telephone in mental health services: increasing the likelihood of successful implementation using a theory of change.BMC psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Defining optimal implementation packages for delivering community-wide mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminths with high coverage.BMC health services research · 2022Trial
- Streamlining Qualitative Research: Rapid Analysis Innovations in Expanding the Crisis Care Continuum Through Community-Based Implementation Science.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- The MILEPOST Framework for Integrating mHealth Into Community-Driven Interventions: Lessons Learned From a Human-Centered Design Approach in Rural Uganda.Global health, science and practice · 2026Article
- Exploring change mechanisms of implementation strategies for providing guideline-adherent care by interprofessional teams in inpatient settings: a realist synthesis.Implementation science : IS · 2026Article
- Theorising pathways of multi-dimensional scaling for population health using implementation and complexity science perspectives.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- "We are not sick, so why take medicine?" Community perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies for IPTsc in Ghana.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Decolonising global health through implementation science: defining the path to equity and structural transformation.BMJ open · 2026Review
- The Current Landscape of Remote Digital Symptom Monitoring for Patients With Lung Cancer: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- From evidence to practice: stakeholder-driven methods to culturally adapting prevention programs addressing substance use and mental health.Translational behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Implementation of Adapted Physical Activity Delivery Strategies for Older Adults Living With HIV in Ivory Coast: Protocol for a Type 2 Hybrid Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a diabetes decentralization program in rural Madagascar using the RE-AIM framework.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Dissemination and Implementation Theories, Models, or Frameworks Utilized in International Aging Research: A Citation Analysis.Global implementation research and applications · 2026Review
- Building Bridges: A framework for redefining and decolonizing implementation science in low- and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2026Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In global health, researchers and decision makers, many of whom have medical, epidemiology or biostatistics background, are increasingly interested in evaluating the implementation of health interventions. Implementation science, particularly for the study of public policies, has existed since at least the 1930s. This science makes compelling use of explicit theories and analytic frameworks that ensure research quality and rigour. Our objective is to inform researchers and decision makers who are not familiar with this research branch about these theories and analytic frameworks. We define four models of causation used in implementation science: intervention theory, frameworks, middle-range theory and grand theory. We then explain how scientists apply these models for three main implementation studies: fidelity assessment, process evaluation and complex evaluation. For each study, we provide concrete examples from research in Cuba and Africa to better understand the implementation of health interventions in global health context. Global health researchers and decision makers with a quantitative background will not become implementation scientists after reading this article. However, we believe they will be more aware of the need for rigorous implementation evaluations of global health interventions, alongside impact evaluations, and in collaboration with social scientists.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.