SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2020
Exogenous hormone use, reproductive factors and risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma among women: results from cohort studies in the Liver Cancer Pooling Project and the UK Biobank.
Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral contraceptive use and risk of liver cancer: a population-based study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Chinese national clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancers.Chinese medical journal · 2024Guideline
- Sexual dimorphism in the liver.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of liver cancer in a Swedish population-based cohort study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Clinical and molecular characteristics of early-onset pancreatic and biliary cancers.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Ectopic β-hCG-Expressing Hepatic Neoplasm with Cutaneous Metastasis in a Young Postpartum Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, clinical, molecular features, and prognosis of early-onset biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Circulating Tumor DNA in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Precision Oncology Roadmap.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as a unique subtype: key updates from current guidelines.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- The associations between dairy intake and chronic liver disease mortality and liver cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Hepatic Nuclear Receptors in Cholestasis-to-Cholangiocarcinoma Pathology.The American journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas demonstrateFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Interplay of Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Biliary Tract Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis with Gender-Specific Insights.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Association of hysterectomy with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among US women.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- An Examination of Liver Cancer Incidence in California.Journal of registry management · 2024Article
- RETRACTED: Menstrual Factors, Reproductive History and Liver Cancer Risk: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study in Chinese Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Novel Drug Candidate Prediction for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma via Hub Gene Network Analysis and Connectivity Mapping.Cancers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 17 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from cholangiocytes in the intrahepatic bile duct and is the second most common type of liver cancer. Cholangiocytes express both oestrogen receptor-α and -β, and oestrogens positively modulate cholangiocyte proliferation. Studies in women and men have reported higher circulating oestradiol is associated with increased ICC risk, further supporting a hormonal aetiology. However, no observational studies have examined the associations between exogenous hormone use and reproductive factors, as proxies of endogenous hormone levels, and risk of ICC.
methodsWe harmonised data from 1,107,498 women who enroled in 12 North American-based cohort studies (in the Liver Cancer Pooling Project, LCPP) and the UK Biobank between 1980-1998 and 2006-2010, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence internals (CI). Then, meta-analytic techniques were used to combine the estimates from the LCPP (n = 180 cases) and the UK Biobank (n = 57 cases).
resultsHysterectomy was associated with a doubling of ICC risk (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.27-3.09), compared to women aged 50-54 at natural menopause. Long-term oral contraceptive use (9+ years) was associated with a 62% increased ICC risk (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03-2.55). There was no association between ICC risk and other exogenous hormone use or reproductive factors.
conclusionsThis study suggests that hysterectomy and long-term oral contraceptive use may be associated with an increased ICC risk.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.