ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2020
Sexuality Disclosure in U.S. Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Impact on Healthcare-Related Stigmas and HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Denial.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in Awareness, Willingness and Uptake of Biomedical HIV Prevention Among Bisexual and Gay Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Pooled it
- Willingness to Prescribe PrEP to Bisexual Men Depends on Genders of Their Past Partners: A Study of Medical Students in the USA.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Trial
- Visualizing stigma and HIV service engagement: a participatory approach using causal loop diagrams.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitutes and perceptions of medical and pharmacy students about HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Mpox: Characterization and clinical outcomes of patients in Colombian healthcare institutions.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Semen parameters in transgender women and gender-diverse people assigned male at birth using gender-affirming hormones: cohort study and scoping review.F&S reports · 2025Article
- Assessing Attitudes and Knowledge of Mpox Vaccine Among Unvaccinated Men Who Have Sex With Men.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Sexual behavior stigma among cisgender gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in nine NHBS cities across the United States: Burden and associations with PrEP continuum and HIV care continuum outcomes.Stigma and health · 2025Article
- Individual & joint associations of sexual stigma and mental distress with PrEP uptake, adherence and persistence among US gay and bisexual men.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- HIV-related Stigma and Discrimination in Health Care and Health-related Quality of Life among People Living with HIV in England and Wales: A Latent Class Analysis.Stigma and health · 2023Article
- Examining Associations Between Resilience and PrEP Use Among HIV-negative GBM in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Individual and Health System Factors for Uptake of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Young Black and Latino Gay Men.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of mode of transportation on PrEP persistence among urban men who have sex with men.AIDS care · 2023Article
- Same-Sex Marriage Laws, Provider-Patient Communication, and PrEP Awareness and Use Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who have Sex with Men in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Branched sexuality and sexual health among Black cisgender sexual minority men in Baltimore, Maryland: an exploratory study.Culture, health & sexuality · 2023Article
- Article
- Patient sexuality disclosure experience and associations with clinical sexual health outcomes among HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Mexico.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Association between the geographic accessibility of PrEP and PrEP use among MSM in nonurban areas.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2022Article
- Metrics of sexual behavior stigma among cisgender men who have sex with men in Mexico: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- "Let's Be a Person to Person and Have a Genuine Conversation": Comparing Perspectives on PrEP and Sexual Health Communication Between Black Sexual Minority Men and Healthcare Providers.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionStigma impairs access to health care by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who are open about their sexuality, or out, are more resilient to stigma than those who are not out. Outness may influence healthcare utilization and prescription of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis to HIV-negative gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.
methodsAnalyzing the 2018 American Men's Internet Survey during 2019, the adjusted prevalence ratios of healthcare stigmas and outness to healthcare providers were calculated. The effect of outness on annual healthcare visits and stigma was measured. Pre-exposure prophylaxis seeking and denial by providers was quantified and stratified by outness.
resultsOf 5,794 respondents, 3,402 (58.7%) were out to their provider. Out gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men were less likely to experience anticipated stigma (adjusted prevalence ratio=0.75, 95% CI=0.72, 0.80) but more likely to experience enacted stigma or discrimination (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.23, 95% CI=1.18, 1.28). In a subsample of out gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, recently experienced discrimination was associated with higher healthcare utilization (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.51, 95% CI=1.14, 1.51). Conversely, recent experienced discrimination was associated with lower healthcare utilization in not out gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (adjusted prevalence ratio=0.67, 95% CI=0.54, 0.82). Of 3,104 out gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, 1,417 (45.7%) discussed pre-exposure prophylaxis with their providers, compared with 120 of 1,711 (7.0%) gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who were not out (p<0.001). Pre-exposure prophylaxis denials were less common among out (116/793, 14.6%) than not out (14/55, 25.5%) gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (p=0.044).
conclusionsHealthcare provider-related stigmas impair healthcare engagement among not out gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who were also more commonly denied pre-exposure prophylaxis. Ending the HIV epidemic necessitates creating safe environments for disclosure of sexual preferences and practices to facilitate access to HIV prevention.
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