ReviewCritical care (London, England)2020
Revisited: Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of more than 1100 drugs and other xenobiotics.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 334 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Reappraisal of the Effects of L-type CaFunction (Oxford, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Extracorporeal treatment for poisoning to beta-adrenergic antagonists: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of pre- and postprandial administration of Maoto extract granules on the pharmacokinetics of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in healthy adults.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Oxycodone/Naloxone Prolonged-Release Tablets in Chinese Patients with Chronic Pain.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- A Mechanistic Clinical Trial Using (Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2022Trial
- An autopsy case of diphenhydramine overdose with drug concentration data from multiple samples sites.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Fentanyl in forensic autopsies: Trends, circumstances, and toxicological findings.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Suicide by flecainide: a case report and review of the literature.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Review
- Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia induced by methamphetamine: an autopsy case report.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- From blood to brain: postmortem brain concentrations and brain-blood ratios of chlorprothixene, clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2026Article
- Medicolegal autopsy reconstruction of a medication-related adverse event trajectory in a psychiatric inpatient with diabetes: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Quantitative analysis and method validation of mirogabalin in postmortem blood and urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- Characterization of fluvoxamine degradation products in postmortem blood by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Post-mortem degradation of flunitrazepam by aldehyde oxidase 1 and hemoglobin in blood.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- Short- and Long-Acting Psychedelics: Structure-Activity Relationships, Pharmacology, and Implications for Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Interpretive Reference Ranges for Plasma Drug Concentrations in Acute Recreational Drug Toxicity: A Short Communication.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2026Review
- Elevated Serum Concentrations of Lacosamide and Perampanel in a Pediatric Patient Following Coadministration of Clarithromycin forThe journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Interpreting Fentanyl and Norfentanyl Concentrations among Patients Seen in the Emergency Department after a Nonfatal Opioid Overdose: A Multicenter Study.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In order to assess the significance of drug/substance levels measured in intensive care medicine and clinical and forensic toxicology as well as for therapeutic drug monitoring, it is essential that a comprehensive collection of data is readily available. We revisited and expanded our 2012 compilation of therapeutic and toxic plasma concentration ranges as well as half-lives of now more than 1100 drugs and other xenobiotics.Data have been abstracted from original papers, text books, and previous compilations and have been completed with data collected in our own forensic and clinical toxicology laboratories. We compiled the data presented in the table and the corresponding annotations over the past 30+ years. A previous compilation was completely double-checked, revised, and updated, if necessary. In addition, more than 200 substances, especially drugs who have been introduced since 2012 to the market as well as illegal drugs and other xenobiotics which became known to cause intoxications were added. We carefully referenced all data. Moreover, the annotations providing details were updated and revised, when necessary.For more than 1100 drugs and other xenobiotics, therapeutic ("normal") and, if data was available, toxic, and comatose-fatal plasma/blood concentrations as well as elimination half-lives were compiled in a table.In case of intoxications, the blood concentration of the substance and/or metabolite better predicts the clinical severity of the case when compared to the assumed amount and time of ingestion. Comparing and contrasting the clinical case against the data provided, including the half-life, may support the decision for or against further intensive care. In addition, the data provided are useful for the therapeutic monitoring of pharmacotherapies, to facilitate the diagnostic assessment and monitoring of acute and chronic intoxications as well as to support forensic and clinical expert opinions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.