ArticleBMC emergency medicine2020
Evaluating capacity at three government referral hospital emergency units in the kingdom of Eswatini using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool.
Article in BMC emergency medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06075108 (P-KIDs CARE), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
P-KIDs CARE: An Intervention to Address Health Systems Delays to Care for Injured Children in Tanzania
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consensus-based quality standards for emergency departments in Palestine.BMJ open quality · 2024Guideline
- Hospital disaster preparedness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of English literature.BMC emergency medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Climate, geography and socioeconomic vulnerability and emergency care accessibility in Nepal, 2022: a high-resolution geospatial analysis of inequalities.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Assessment of quality of emergency care services in terms of availability and readiness in public and private tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: a comparative study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Assessment of emergency care services in Nigerian hospitals: A cross-sectional study.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2026Article
- Level of Emergency Preparedness and Associated Barriers at the Accident and Emergency Ward of a LMIC Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Assessment Using the WHO HEAT Tool.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2026Article
- An assessment of emergency care capacity at three hospitals in the Harare metropol, Zimbabwe: A descriptive cross-sectional study using the WHO Hospital Emergency Assessment Tool (HEAT).African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to providing facility-based emergency care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A mixed methods study.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2025Article
- Emergency and critical care services in Somalia: a cross-sectional nationwide hospital assessment using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit assessment tool.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Minimum service standards assessment tool and the hospital strengthening program: a novel first step towards the quality improvement of Nepal's national hospital system.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Review
- Needs assessment and Acceptability of a Community First Aid Responder programme to increase Out-of-hospital capacity in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A qualitative study.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2025Article
- Are we ready? Emergency unit capacity at selected district level hospitals in Lusaka Province, Zambia: Barriers and facilitators for improving trauma care: a mixed methods approach.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Emergency care capacity in Sierra Leone: A multicentre analysis.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2024Article
- Systemic emergency department performance in a low resource tertiary health facility in central Kenya: Micro level emergency care system evaluation.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2023Article
- Emergency unit assessment of seven tertiary hospitals in Nepal using the WHO tool: a cross-sectional study.International journal of emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessment of critical resource gaps in pediatric injury care in Mozambique's four largest Hospitals.PloS one · 2023Article
- Provider-identified barriers to performance at seven Nigerian accident & emergency units: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- The Status of Facility Based Emergency Care in Public Hospitals of Ethiopia Using WHO Assessment Tool.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Kingdom of Eswatini, a lower-middle income nation of 1.45 million in southern Africa, has recently identified emergency care as a key strategy to respond to the national disease burden. We aimed to evaluate the current capacity of hospital emergency care areas using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool (HEAT) at government referral hospitals in Eswatini.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of three government referral hospital emergency care areas using HEAT in May 2018. This standardised tool assists healthcare facilities to assess the emergency care delivery capacity in facilities and support in identifying gaps and targeting interventions to strengthen care delivery within emergency care areas. Senior-level emergency care area employees, including senior medical officers and nurse matrons, were interviewed using the HEAT.
resultsAll sites provided some level of emergency care 24 h a day, 7 days a week, though most had multiple entry points for emergency care. Only one facility had a dedicated area for receiving emergencies and a dedicated resuscitation area; two had triage areas. Facilities had limited capacity to perform signal functions (life-saving procedures that require both skills and resources). Commonly reported barriers included training deficits and lack of access to supplies, medications, and equipment. Sites also lacked formal clinical management and process protocols (such as triage and clinical protocols).
conclusionsThe HEAT highlighted strengths and weaknesses of emergency care delivery within hospitals in Eswatini and identified specific causes of these system and service gaps. In order to improve emergency care outcomes, multiple interventions are needed, including training opportunities, improvement in supply chains, and implementation of clinical and process protocols for emergency care areas. We hope that these findings will allow hospital administrators and planners to develop effective change management plans.
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Registered trials
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