ArticlePerspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2021
Can the Implicit Association Test Serve as a Valid Measure of Automatic Cognition? A Response to Schimmack (2021).
Article in Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Change Implicit Associations Against Alcohol in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Preregistered Clinical Trial.Addiction biology · 2025Trial
- The impact of alcohol consumption on implicit racial bias.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Trial
- Mental association of time and valence revealed with a novel chronometric approach: The positive-future effect.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Cognitive underpinnings and ecological correlates of implicit bias against non-Americans in the United States.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Decoupling the Conflicting Evaluative Meanings in Automatically Activated Race-Based Associations.Personality & social psychology bulletin · 2024Article
- Self-Awareness and Stereotypes: Accurate Prediction of Implicit Gender Stereotyping.Personality & social psychology bulletin · 2023Article
- Nurses' implicit and explicit attitudes towards transgender people and the need for trans-affirming care.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Predicting implicit attitudes with natural language data.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Creating Implicit Measure Stimulus Sets Using a Multi-Step Piloting Method.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
- The project implicit international dataset: Measuring implicit and explicit social group attitudes and stereotypes across 34 countries (2009-2019).Behavior research methods · 2023Article
- Examining the automaticity and symmetry of sound-shape correspondences.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The importance of disability representation to address implicit bias in the workplace.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Article
- Relationships between the race implicit association test and other measures of implicit and explicit social cognition.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Mapping social exclusion in STEM to men's implicit bias and women's career costs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Invalid Claims About the Validity of Implicit Association Tests by Prisoners of the Implicit Social-Cognition Paradigm.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2021Article
- Adopting Evaluative Conditioning to Improve Coach-Athlete Relationships.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
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Abstract
Much of human thought, feeling, and behavior unfolds automatically. Indirect measures of cognition capture such processes by observing responding under corresponding conditions (e.g., lack of intention or control). The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one such measure. The IAT indexes the strength of association between categories such as "planes" and "trains" and attributes such as "fast" and "slow" by comparing response latencies across two sorting tasks (planes-fast/trains-slow vs. trains-fast/planes-slow). Relying on a reanalysis of multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) studies, Schimmack (this issue, p. 396) argues that the IAT and direct measures of cognition, for example, Likert scales, can serve as indicators of the same latent construct, thereby purportedly undermining the validity of the IAT as a measure of individual differences in automatic cognition. Here we note the compatibility of Schimmack's empirical findings with a range of existing theoretical perspectives and the importance of considering evidence beyond MTMM approaches to establishing construct validity. Depending on the nature of the study, different standards of validity may apply to each use of the IAT; however, the evidence presented by Schimmack is easily reconcilable with the potential of the IAT to serve as a valid measure of automatic processes in human cognition, including in individual-difference contexts.
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