ArticleInternational journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature2020
Comparative performance of pooled cohort equations and Framingham risk scores in cardiovascular disease risk classification in a slum setting in Nairobi Kenya.
Article in International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discrimination and calibration performances of non-laboratory-based and laboratory-based cardiovascular risk predictions: a systematic review.Open heart · 2025Pooled it
- Comparing Non-Laboratory-Based and Laboratory-Based Cardiovascular Risk Predictions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Performance of PREVENT and pooled cohort equations for predicting 10-Year ASCVD risk in the UK Biobank.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk factors and the ten-year Cardiovascular disease risk among employees of a public university in Blantyre, Malawi.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2025Article
- Agreement between Framingham, Pooled Cohort Equations, and Globorisk-LAC in the Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk in Brazil, 2013.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Harnessing HIV clinics to deliver integrated hypertension care for People living with HIV in Uganda: A formative mixed methods study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- No Evidence for an Association of HIV and Antiviral Treatment With Changes in Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in the Ndlovu Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- A comparison of laboratory-based and office-based Framingham risk scores to predict 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases: a population-based study.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- External validation of the ACC/AHA ASCVD risk score in a Colombian population cohort.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sex-Specific Survival Bias and Interaction Modeling in Coronary Artery Disease Risk Prediction.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2023Article
- Genotype-by-socioeconomic status interaction influences heart disease risk scores and carotid artery thickness in Mexican Americans: the predominant role of education in comparison to household income and socioeconomic index.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Comparison of laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based WHO cardiovascular disease risk charts: a population-based study.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Comparative performance of the two pooled cohort equations for predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis · 2021Article
- Assessment of cardiovascular disease risks using Framingham risk scores (FRS) in HIV-positive and HIV-negative older adults in South Africa.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Estimating the burden of cardiovascular risk in community dwellers over 40 years old in South Africa, Kenya, Burkina Faso and Ghana.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Geographic and Sociodemographic Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk in Burkina Faso: Findings from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Comparison of Predicted Cardiovascular Risk Profiles by Different CVD Risk-Scoring Algorithms between HIV-1-Infected and Uninfected Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tanzania.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause 18 million deaths annually. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 80% of the CVD burden, and the burden is expected to grow in the region in the coming years. Screening for and identification of individuals at high risk for CVD in primary care settings can be accomplished using available CVD risk scores. However, few of these scores have been validated/recalibrated for use in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
methodsPooled cohort equations (PCE) and Framingham risk scores for 10-year CVD risk were applied on 1960 men and women aged 40 years and older from the AWI-Gen (Africa, Wits-INDEPTH Partnership for GENomic studies) study 2015. Low, moderate/intermediate or high CVD risk classifications correspond to <10%, 10-20% and >20% chance of developing CVD in 10 years respectively. Agreement between the risk scores was assessed using kappa and correlation coefficients.
resultsHigh CVD risk was 10.3% in PCE 2013, 0.4% in PCE 2018, 2.9% in Framingham and 3.6% in Framingham non-laboratory scores. Conversely, low CVD risk was 62.2% in PCE 2013 and 95.6% in PCE 2018, 84.0% and 80.1% in Framingham and Framingham non-laboratory scores, respectively. A moderate agreement existed between the Framingham functions (kappa = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59-0.68, correlation, r
conclusionsNewer cohort-based data is necessary to validate and recalibrate existing CVD risk scores in order to develop appropriate functions for use in SSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.