ArticleFrontiers in neurology2020
Joint and Muscle Assessments of the Separate Effects of Botulinum NeuroToxin-A and Lower-Leg Casting in Children With Cerebral Palsy.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05126693 (Algorithms for Patient-specific Treatment Planning in Cerebral Palsy Based on the Muscle and Tendon Architecture - Short Term Follow-up of a Botulinum Toxin Intervention in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Algorithms for Patient-specific Treatment Planning in Cerebral Palsy Based on the Muscle and Tendon Architecture - Short Term Follow-up of a Botulinum Toxin Intervention in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive analysis of overactive muscle structure and elasticity after botulinum toxin type A injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Acute passive stretching has no effect on gastrocnemius medialis stiffness in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Trial
- Botulinum Neurotoxin A-Induced Muscle Morphology Changes in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A One-Year Follow-Up Study.Toxins · 2025Article
- Reliability of 3D freehand ultrasound to assess lower limb muscles in children with spastic cerebral palsy and typical development.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- A comprehensive normative reference database of muscle morphology in typically developing children aged 3-18 years-a cross-sectional ultrasound study.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum NeuroToxin-A (BoNT-A) injections to the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lower-leg casts are commonly combined to treat ankle equinus in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). However, the decomposed treatment effects on muscle or tendon structure, stretch reflexes, and joint are unknown. In this study, BoNT-A injections to the MG and casting of the lower legs were applied separately to gain insight into the working mechanisms of the isolated treatments on joint, muscle, and tendon levels. Thirty-one children with spastic CP (GMFCS I-III, age 7.4 ± 2.6 years) received either two weeks of lower-leg casts or MG BoNT-A injections. During full range of motion slow and fast passive ankle rotations, joint resistance and MG stretch reflexes were measured. MG muscle and tendon lengths were assessed at resting and at maximum dorsiflexion ankle angles using 3D-freehand ultrasound. Treatment effects were compared using non-parametric statistics. Associations between the effects on joint and muscle or tendon levels were performed using Spearman correlation coefficients (
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