Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32373029›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2020

Hot and Cool Executive Function in Elite- and Amateur- Adolescent Athletes From Open and Closed Skills Sports.

Benjamin Holfelder, Thomas Jürgen Klotzbier, Moritz Eisele, Nadja Schott

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Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Decoding the elite soccer player's psychological profile.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Benjamin HolfelderDepartment of Sport Psychology & Human Movement Performance, Institute of Sport- and Exercise Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
Thomas Jürgen KlotzbierDepartment of Sport Psychology & Human Movement Performance, Institute of Sport- and Exercise Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
Moritz EiseleDepartment of Sport Psychology & Human Movement Performance, Institute of Sport- and Exercise Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
Nadja SchottDepartment of Sport Psychology & Human Movement Performance, Institute of Sport- and Exercise Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExecutive functions (EFs) not only play an important role in shaping adolescent's goal-directed, future-oriented cognitive skills under relatively abstract, non-affective conditions (Cool EF), but also under motivationally significant, affective conditions (Hot EF). Empirical evidence suggest a link between EF, exercise and physical activity, specifically elite adult athletes appear to outperform amateur athletes in Cool EF; however, no previous studies have examined the relationship between Hot and Cool EFs and impulsivity during the developmentally sensitive period of adolescence comparing different types of sport (open- vs. closed-skills), and levels (elite athletes vs. amateurs).

methodsA total 86 boys and girls between 13 and 15 years of age (mean: 14.0,

resultsThere was a significant overall effect for expertise in favor of elite athletes (Wilks' Lambda = 0.61,

conclusionThe current understanding of the decisive cognitive abilities does not correspond to sporting reality, so that the tests frequently used are not sensitive enough to distinguish between elite and amateur athletes or different sports. However, it should also be remembered that the factors underlying complex sporting performance are multidimensional and are obviously difficult to trace back to selected partial aspects. Without being able to answer this question conclusively, we proposed a 4-D classification of experimental paradigms, in which we differentiate between tasks of different specificity, between Cool and Hot EF, and between task complexity, and type of sport.

Indexed as

4-D multicomponent classification modeladolescentsexpertiseGame of Dice taskimpulsivitystructural equation model

Identifiers

PMID32373029
PMCPMC7177013

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.