ArticleArchives of toxicology2020
Electronic cigarette vapour moderately stimulates pro-inflammatory signalling pathways and interleukin-6 production by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic and Salivary Cytokine Levels among Adult E-Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- To Vape or Not to Vape: Oral Health in the Age of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Multidimensional bioinformatics perspective on smoking-linked driver genes and immune regulatory mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Electronic cigarette menthol flavoring is associated with increased inhaled micro and sub-micron particles and worse lung function in combustion cigarette smokers.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Cardiotoxicity of Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products-A Problem for the Modern Pediatric Cardiologist.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Differential impact of JUUL flavors on pulmonary immune modulation and oxidative stress responses in male and female mice.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- A Review of Toxicity Mechanism Studies of Electronic Cigarettes on Respiratory System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Tumour-Derived Reg3A Educates Dendritic Cells to Promote Pancreatic Cancer Progression.Molecules and cells · 2021Article
- The fog, the attractive and the addictive: pulmonary effects of vaping with a focus on the contribution of each major vaping liquid constituent.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that play a critical role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Numerous studies have shown that tobacco constituents present in conventional cigarettes affect the phenotype and function of DCs; however, no studies have examined the effects of vapour from E-cigarettes on human DCs. Here, the effects of E-cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) on the phenotype and function of DCs were investigated by creating an in vitro cell culture model using human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). Immature DCs were generated from peripheral blood monocytes and mature DCs were then produced by treatment with LPS or Poly I:C for 24 h. For LPS-matured DCs, 3% ECVE treatment slightly suppressed HLA-DR and CD86 expression, whereas 1% ECVE treatment enhanced IL-6 production. The overall expression of 29 signalling molecules and other cytoplasmic proteins (mainly associated with DC activation) was significantly upregulated in immature DCs by 1% ECVE, and in LPS-treated DCs by 3% ECVE. In particular, the condition that induced IL-6 production also upregulated MAPK pathway activation. These findings indicate that E-cigarette vapour moderately affects human DCs, but the effects are less pronounced than those reported for tobacco smoke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.