Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32370931›Full record

Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2020

Financial incentives promote engagement in employment services for unemployed adults in treatment for opioid use disorder.

August F Holtyn, Forrest Toegel, Shrinidhi Subramaniam, Meghan Arellano, Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos, Michael Fingerhood, Kenneth Silverman

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Misalignment of Stakeholder Incentives in the Opioid Crisis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

August F HoltynJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA. Electronic address: aholtyn1@jhmi.edu.
Forrest ToegelJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Shrinidhi SubramaniamJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Meghan ArellanoJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Jeannie-Marie LeoutsakosJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Michael FingerhoodJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Kenneth SilvermanJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Johns Hopkins Medicine · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

HUMAN BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSET32DA007209 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Eric C. Strain, Elise M Weerts · 1985 to 2026
$12.9M
Abstinence-Contingent Wage Supplements for Long-Term Treatment of Drug AddictionR01DA037314 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SILVERMAN, KENNETH · 2015 to 2019
$3.4M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA037314NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007209
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPromoting employment among unemployed adults with substance use disorder is a difficult challenge for which existing interventions have had limited effects. This study examined whether financial incentives could increase engagement in employment services for unemployed adults in treatment for opioid use disorder.

methodsThe study was conducted from 2014 to 2019 in Baltimore, MD. After a 3-month abstinence initiation and training period, participants (N = 91) were randomly assigned to a Control group or an Incentive group and were invited to work with an employment specialist to seek employment in a community job for 12 months. Participants assigned to the Control group (n = 47) did not receive incentives for working with the employment specialist. Participants assigned to the Incentive group (n = 44) could earn financial incentives for working with the employment specialist, but had to provide opiate- and cocaine-negative urine samples to maximize pay.

resultsIncentive participants attended the employment services and worked with the employment specialist on significantly more days than Control participants (41.8 % versus 1.1 % of days; OR = 40.42, 95 % CI = 32.46-48.38, p < .001), and for significantly more hours than Control participants (3.58 versus 1.25 h, on average; OR=2.34, 95 % CI=1.83-2.85, p < .001). Incentive participants were more likely to be retained than Control participants when analyses were based solely on attendance (HR=0.12, 95 % CI=0.06-0.25, p < .001) and attendance and employment combined (HR=0.15, 95 % CI=0.07-0.31, p < .001).

conclusionsFinancial incentives were effective in promoting engagement in employment services for individuals who often do not utilize employment services.

Indexed as

MotivationUnemploymentAdolescentAdultBaltimoreEmploymentEmployment, SupportedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOpioid-Related DisordersTreatment OutcomeCocaineEmploymentFinancial incentivesJob seekingOpioidsTherapeutic workplace

Identifiers

PMID32370931
PMCPMC7293927
OpenAlexW3019381441

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.