ArticleMicrobiome2020
The neovaginal microbiome of transgender women post-gender reassignment surgery.
Article in Microbiome, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaginal microbiomes and their pertinent social context: a microbial ecological review proffering AMR-STI acquisition and emergence.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- The Nugent score is an inappropriate diagnostic tool for neovaginal bacteria in transfeminine people.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The Biosocial Microbiome: Gender Identity, Geography, and Mucosal Microbial Phenotypes.Research square · 2026Article
- Microbial community structure and source contribution to the early neovaginal microbiota following penile inversion vaginoplasty.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The neovaginal microbiota, symptoms, and local immune correlates in transfeminine individuals with penile inversion vaginoplasty.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the vaginal ecosystem: insights into host-microbe interactions and microbial community dynamics.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- The Futility of Nugent Scoring as a Diagnostic Tool for Neovaginal Bacterial Dysbiosis in Transfeminine People.Research square · 2025Article
- Examining Women's Self-Management Strategies for Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis in New York City.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Hypertrophic neovaginal granulation tissue after gender affirming vaginoplasty: A cautionary tale and novel treatment option.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- The microbiologist's guide to metaproteomics.iMeta · 2025Review
- The relationship between the vaginal and vulvar microbiomes and lichen sclerosus symptoms in post-menopausal women.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Infections Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Single-Center Experience.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Insights into the assembly of the neovaginal microbiota in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome patients.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Vaginal Microbiome of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals.Transgender health · 2024Article
- Changes in the Vaginal Microbiome During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in South African Women: a Longitudinal Study.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- The microbiome of the neovagina: a systematic review and comparison of surgical techniques.International journal of transgender health · 2024Review
- Gynecological concerns and vaginal practices and exposures among transfeminine individuals who have undergone vaginoplasty.The journal of sexual medicine · 2023Article
- Distinct mucosal and systemic immunological characteristics in transgender women potentially relating to HIV acquisition.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Oral and anal microbiome from HIV-exposed individuals: role of host-associated factors in taxa composition and metabolic pathways.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023Article
- Nonoptimal bacteria species induce neutrophil-driven inflammation and barrier disruption in the female genital tract.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGender reassignment surgery is a procedure some transgender women (TW) undergo for gender-affirming purposes. This often includes the construction of a neovagina using existing penile and scrotal tissue and/or a sigmoid colon graft. There are limited data regarding the composition and function of the neovaginal microbiome representing a major gap in knowledge in neovaginal health.
resultsMetaproteomics was performed on secretions collected from the neovaginas (n = 5) and rectums (n = 7) of TW surgically reassigned via penile inversion/scrotal graft with (n = 1) or without (n = 4) a sigmoid colon graft extension and compared with secretions from cis vaginas (n = 32). We identified 541 unique bacterial proteins from 38 taxa. The most abundant taxa in the neovaginas were Porphyromonas (30.2%), Peptostreptococcus (9.2%), Prevotella (9.0%), Mobiluncus (8.0%), and Jonquetella (7.2%), while cis vaginas were primarily Lactobacillus and Gardnerella. Rectal samples were mainly composed of Prevotella and Roseburia. Neovaginas (median Shannon's H index = 1.33) had higher alpha diversity compared to cis vaginas (Shannon's H = 0.35) (p = 7.2E-3, Mann-Whitney U test) and were more similar to the non-Lactobacillus dominant/polymicrobial cis vaginas based on beta diversity (perMANOVA, p = 0.001, r
conclusionsPenile skin-lined neovaginas have diverse, polymicrobial communities that show similarities in composition to uncircumcised penises and host responses to cis vaginas with bacterial vaginosis (BV) including increased immune activation pathways and decreased epithelial barrier function. Developing a better understanding of microbiome-associated inflammation in the neovaginal environment will be important for improving our knowledge of neovaginal health. Video Abstract.
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