Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32370773›Full record

ArticleBiology of sex differences2020

Sex- and growth-specific characteristics of small for gestational age infants: a prospective cohort study.

Eva R van der Vlugt, Petra E Verburg, Shalem Y Leemaqz, Lesley M E McCowan, Lucilla Poston, Louise C Kenny, Jenny Myers, James J Walker, Gustaaf A Dekker, Claire T Roberts and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology of sex differences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Eva R van der VlugtThe Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Petra E VerburgThe Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Shalem Y LeemaqzThe Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Lesley M E McCowanThe Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Lucilla PostonThe Division of Woman's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK.
Louise C KennyDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Jenny MyersMaternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
James J WalkerSection of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Biochemical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Gustaaf A DekkerThe Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Claire T RobertsThe Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. claire.roberts@flinders.edu.au.
SCOPE Consortium

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAsymmetric fetal growth and male sex are both associated with adverse neonatal outcome. However, less is known about the influence of asymmetric growth and fetal sex within SGA neonates, a group of infants already at increased risk for adverse neonatal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to provide insight into variance in risk factors for SGA in a fetal sex- and growth symmetry-specific way.

methodsFor this prospective, multicenter cohort study, data from the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study were used with 5628 nulliparous participants, of which 633 (11.3%) pregnancies were complicated with SGA and 3376 (60.0%) women had uncomplicated pregnancies. Association between risk factors for SGA, SGA subgroups, and uncomplicated pregnancies were assessed with multivariable analyses.

resultsPrevalence of asymmetric growth varied from 45.8% of SGA infants to 5.5% of infants with a customized birthweight > 90th percentile (p < 0.001). Significantly more SGA males had asymmetric growth compared to SGA female infants (51.2% vs 40.4%, p = 0.009). Maternal pre-pregnancy diet and BMI < 20 and ≥ 30 were significantly associated with symmetric SGA but not with asymmetric SGA. Asymmetric SGA infants had not only lower customized birthweight percentile (4.4 (SD 2.8) vs 5.0 (SD 3.0), p < 0.001), but also lower rates of stillbirth (p = 0.041) and less often Apgar scores < 7 (p = 0.060).

conclusionsAmong SGA infants, low customized birthweight percentiles and male sex are associated with asymmetric growth. Only symmetric SGA is significantly associated with maternal risk factors in early pregnancy. There is a substantial variance in risk factors and neonatal outcomes for SGA based on growth symmetry, implying a different pathogenesis.

trial registrationACTRN12607000551493.

Indexed as

Birth WeightFetal DevelopmentInfant, Small for Gestational AgeSex CharacteristicsFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleProspective StudiesRisk FactorsAsymmetric growthRisk factorSexual dimorphismSmall for gestational ageSymmetric growth

Identifiers

PMID32370773
PMCPMC7201715

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.