ArticleJCI insight2020
Type-1 cytokines regulate MMP-9 production and E-cadherin disruption to promote melanocyte loss in vitiligo.
Article in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05917561 (Efficacy and Tolerance of the Association of ANIFROLUMAB), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Tolerance of the Association of ANIFROLUMAB (300mg) IV Every Four Weeks and Phototherapy Versus Phototherapy in Adults With Progressive Vitiligo: a Randomized Double Blind Prospective, Non Comparative Proof of Concept Phase II Study
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Second Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo in Japan (2025).The Journal of dermatology · 2026Guideline
- Systematic Evaluation and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Fire Needle Combined Phototherapy for the Treatment of Vitiligo.BioMed research international · 2022Pooled it
- Combination of Baricitinib and Phototherapy in Adults With Active Vitiligo: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA dermatology · 2025Trial
- Ritlecitinib, a JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor, stabilizes active lesions and repigments stable lesions in vitiligo.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Trial
- UV irradiation drives lineage-specific MITF-mediated transcription of PD-L1 to confer immune tolerance to UV-mutated melanocytes.Immunity · 2026Article
- Psoriasis colocalized within preceding vitiligo patches: A rare case of Wolf's isotopic response and literature review.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: Emerging Roles of Epigenetic Regulation.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Description of the Tranquillo Phase 3 Clinical Trial Designs/Study Protocols to Assess Ritlecitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Nonsegmental Vitiligo.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Aberrant laminin signaling drives melanocyte dedifferentiation and unveils a tractable therapeutic target in vitiligo.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The immunology of vitiligo.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Synergistic delivery of ginseng exosomes and biomimetic melanosomes via temporally controlled hydrogel microneedles restrain the pathologic triad of vitiligo.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: Integrating Immune and Non-Immune Cell Crosstalk.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Review
- The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in immune-mediated skin diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- The role of JAK3 and TEC family kinases in vitiligo pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dimethyl itaconate suppresses dendritic cell and CD8BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Immune control of functional memory CD8 T cells in normal-appearing vitiligo skin.Science advances · 2025Article
- Vitiligo.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Therapeutic Target: Insights into Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Loss of melanocytes is the pathological hallmark of vitiligo, a chronic inflammatory skin depigmenting disorder induced by exaggerated immune response, including autoreactive CD8 T cells producing high levels of type 1 cytokines. However, the interplay between this inflammatory response and melanocyte disappearance remains to be fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate that vitiligo skin contains a significant proportion of suprabasal melanocytes, associated with disruption of E-cadherin expression, a major protein involved in melanocyte adhesion. This phenomenon is also observed in lesional psoriatic skin. Importantly, apoptotic melanocytes were mainly observed once cells were detached from the basal layer of the epidermis, suggesting that additional mechanism(s) could be involved in melanocyte loss. The type 1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α induce melanocyte detachment through E-cadherin disruption and the release of its soluble form, partly due to MMP-9. The levels of MMP-9 are increased in the skin and sera of patients with vitiligo, and MMP-9 is produced by keratinocytes in response to IFN-γ and TNF-α. Inhibition of MMP-9 or the JAK/STAT signaling pathway prevents melanocyte detachment in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, stabilization of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis by preventing E-cadherin disruption appears promising for the prevention of depigmentation occurring in vitiligo and during chronic skin inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.