ArticlePublic health action2020
Improving sputum collection processes to increase tuberculosis case finding among HIV-positive persons in Botswana.
Article in Public health action, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Performance of stool Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among adults living with HIV: a multicentre, prospective diagnostic study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Observational
- Drug susceptibility testing for TB using the Xpert MTB/XDR assay on stool specimens.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2025Article
- Performance of a stool-based quantitative PCR assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adolescents and adults: a multinational, prospective diagnostic accuracy study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2024Article
- The performance of tongue swabs for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Rapid molecular diagnostics of tuberculosis resistance by targeted stool sequencing.Genome medicine · 2022Article
- The absence of evidence of cure is not a risk for recurrent TB among patients treated for TB.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
settingTwenty-two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in Botswana.
objectiveTo compare sputum collection rates, sputum quality and volume, and tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis rates before and after field efforts to improve sputum collection among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV with TB symptoms.
designNewly diagnosed individuals living with HIV attending 22 HIV clinics in Botswana were screened for TB from August 2012 to March 2014. Starting in May 2013, a field intervention composed of the introduction of a tracking log for presumed TB patients, and patient instructions and sputum induction to improve sputum collection rates was implemented.
resultsPrior to the intervention, sputum collection rates were 44.1% (384/870). Subsequently, sputum collection increased to 58.3% (579/993) (
conclusionSputum collection rates among presumptive TB cases, as well as sputum quality and volume improved after implementation of the field intervention. To improve sputum collection rates, efforts at the program level should be ongoing.
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Registered trials
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