ReviewPsychonomic bulletin & review2020
How does gaze to faces support face-to-face interaction? A review and perspective.
Review in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dimensional asymmetries in social attention: Dynamic head movements elicit opposite attentional biases in vertical versus horizontal dimensions.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2026Article
- Gaze dynamics of cued speech perception.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Social Attention Through a New Lens: Autistic and ADHD Traits and Eye Occlusion Affect Gaze During Conversation Watching.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2026Article
- A visual perceptual perspective on gaze in social robotics.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- The right eye for fixations: Eye asymmetries modulate gaze patterns towards speakers.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Fixations, blinks, and pupils differentially capture individual and interpersonal dynamics in role-asymmetric mutual gaze interaction.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Enhanced awareness of faces with slight downwards gazes in the breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Visual Strategies of Avoidantly Attached Individuals: Attachment Avoidance and Gaze Behavior in Deceptive Interactions.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- Article
- The influence of empathy with nature on pro-environmental behaviors in young children: evidence from behavioral and eye-tracking studies.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Physiological and Behavioral Response Differences Between Video-Mediated and In-Person Interaction.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- No evidence for disruption of empathy and mentalizing by face coverage in multimodal settings.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Evidence Accumulation Through Saccadic Sampling for Object Recognition.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Recognition and Misclassification Patterns of Basic Emotional Facial Expressions: An Eye-Tracking Study in Young Healthy Adults.Journal of eye movement research · 2025Article
- Gaze and movement adaptation in response to delayed robotic movement during turn-taking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gaze and Evaluative Behavior of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder in an Affective Priming Task.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Don't look at the camera: Achieving perceived eye contact in remote video communication.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Multimodal Assessment of Therapeutic Alliance: A Study Using Wearable Technology.Journal of eye movement research · 2025Article
- TittaLSL: A toolbox for creating networked eye-tracking experiments in Python and MATLAB with Tobii eye trackers.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Eye-movement patterns for perceiving bistable figures.Journal of vision · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gaze-where one looks, how long, and when-plays an essential part in human social behavior. While many aspects of social gaze have been reviewed, there is no comprehensive review or theoretical framework that describes how gaze to faces supports face-to-face interaction. In this review, I address the following questions: (1) When does gaze need to be allocated to a particular region of a face in order to provide the relevant information for successful interaction; (2) How do humans look at other people, and faces in particular, regardless of whether gaze needs to be directed at a particular region to acquire the relevant visual information; (3) How does gaze support the regulation of interaction? The work reviewed spans psychophysical research, observational research, and eye-tracking research in both lab-based and interactive contexts. Based on the literature overview, I sketch a framework for future research based on dynamic systems theory. The framework holds that gaze should be investigated in relation to sub-states of the interaction, encompassing sub-states of the interactors, the content of the interaction as well as the interactive context. The relevant sub-states for understanding gaze in interaction vary over different timescales from microgenesis to ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The framework has important implications for vision science, psychopathology, developmental science, and social robotics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.