ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Investigating Programmed Cell Death and Tumor Invasion in a Three-Dimensional (3D) Microfluidic Model of Glioblastoma.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- Controlling Biogenesis and Engineering of Exosomes to Inhibit Growth and Promote Death in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Bridging the Gap: How Organ-on-a-Chip Technology Facilitates the Battle against Glioma.Small science · 2026Review
- Translational Models for Glioblastoma: Revolutionizing Drug Development and Personalized Medicine through Clinical Insights.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Functional 3D Human Neuron-Glioblastoma Model Reveals Cellular Interactions Enabling Drug Safety Assessments.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Transforming Drug Discovery with Miniaturized Predictive Tissue Models.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Integrative Disulfidptosis-Based Risk Assessment for Prognostic Stratification and Immune Profiling in Glioma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing Autophagy Flux in Glioblastoma Temozolomide Resistant Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Evidence That a Peptide-Drug/p53 Gene Complex Promotes Cognate Gene Expression and Inhibits the Viability of Glioblastoma Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Organs in orbit: how tissue chip technology benefits from microgravity, a perspective.Frontiers in lab on a chip technologies · 2024Article
- Evaluation of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel loaded macrophages for glioblastoma treatment based on a microfluidic chip.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours.Clinical and translational medicine · 2023Review
- A Drug-Eluting Injectable NanoGel for Localized Delivery of Anticancer Drugs to Solid Tumors.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Biomaterial-basedCancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2023Review
- Integrating Multi-Omics Analysis for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Data-Driven Approach.Cancers · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Microfluidic Manipulation for Biomedical Applications in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Glioblastoma-on-a-chip construction and therapeutic applications.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly progressive and deadly form of brain tumor with a median survival rate of ~15 months. GBMs are hard to treat and significantly affect the patient's physical and cognitive abilities and quality of life. Temozolomide (TMZ)-an alkylating agent that causes DNA damage-is the only chemotherapy choice for the treatment of GBM. However, TMZ also induces autophagy and causes tumor cell resistance and thus fails to improve the survival rate among patients. Here, we studied the drug-induced programmed cell death and invasion inhibition capacity of TMZ and a mevalonate cascade inhibitor, simvastatin (Simva), in a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic model of GBM. We elucidate the role of autophagy in apoptotic cell death by comparing apoptosis in autophagy knockdown cells (Atg7 KD) against their scrambled counterparts. Our results show that the cells were significantly less sensitive to drugs in the 3D model as compared to monolayer culture systems. An immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that apoptosis is the mechanism of cell death in TMZ- and Simva-treated glioma cells. However, the induction of apoptosis in the 3D model is significantly lower than in monolayer cultures. We have also shown that autophagy inhibition (Atg7 KD) did not change TMZ and Simva-induced apoptosis in the 3D microfluidic model. Overall, for the first time in this study we have established the simultaneous detection of drug induced apoptosis and autophagy in a 3D microfluidic model of GBM. Our study presents a potential ex vivo platform for developing novel therapeutic strategies tailored toward disrupting key molecular pathways involved in programmed cell death and tumor invasion in glioblastoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.