ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Inhibition of Programmed Death Receptor-1/Programmed Death Ligand-1 Interactions by Ginsenoside Metabolites.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shuangshen granules enhance anti-PD1 therapy effectiveness in lung adenocarcinoma by modulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell-induced T cell exhaustion.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Strategies to target PD-1/PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Anticancer Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K: A Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing yin and Replenishing qi in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC patients: a meta-analysis.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment through hydrogel encapsulated G-Rh2Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Ginsenosides: an immunomodulator for the treatment of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor: theory, development, and future directions.Chinese medicine · 2023Review
- Antitumor Effect of Korean Red Ginseng through Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in a Humanized PD-L1 Knock-In MC38 Cancer Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Anticancer properties and pharmaceutical applications of ginsenoside compound K: A review.Chemical biology & drug design · 2022Review
- Phytochemicals in Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Strategies for Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment Using Active Ingredients of Ginseng-A Promising Approach for Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence suggests that programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) targeted inhibitors act as an immune checkpoint blockade, indicating that these compounds may be useful in cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting the immune response between T-cells and tumors. Previous studies have shown that ginsenosides can regulate the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in target diseases; however, it remains unknown whether ginsenosides act as a blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In this study, we used competitive ELISA to investigate 12 ginsenosides for their ability to block PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In addition, we performed a protein-ligand docking simulation and examined the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds formed at the interfaces between the ginsenosides and PD-L1/PD-1. Eight out of the 12 ginsenosides studied showed inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions at 35% at the maximum concentration (1 μM). Among them, Rg3 and Compound K (C-K) demonstrated the highest inhibitory effects. Rg3 and C-K were further identified for their interaction efficacy with PD-1/PD-L1, which supported our results demonstrating the blocking activity of these compounds against PD-1/PD-L1 binding interactions. Collectively, our findings suggest that some ginsenosides, including Rg3 and C-K, inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 binding interactions. Therefore, these compounds may prove useful as part of an overall immuno-oncological strategy.
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