ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2020
Antibiotic Consumption Trends in China: Evidence From Six-Year Surveillance Sales Records in Shandong Province.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic and clinical characteristics ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Root cause analysis of the challenges to sustain effectiveness of clinical pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Fluoroquinolone resistance without fluoroquinolone use; the genie is truly out of the bottle.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Tetracyclines in the Modern Era: Global Consumption, Antimicrobial Resistance, Environmental Occurrence, and Degradation Techniques.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A comprehensive descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analysis of antibiotic products' demand pre-, amid, and post-COVID-19 in Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of an antibiotic stewardship program for promoting rational antibiotic use in an ICU in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Diagnosis, Treatment Patterns and Eradication Success forJGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Antimicrobials in Livestock Farming and Resistance: Public Health Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genomic analysis of invasive and non-invasive disease-causingMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Optical tuning of polymer functionalized zinc oxide quantum dots as a selective probe for the detection of antibiotics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of antibiotic consumption and resistance in Mauritius.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2024Article
- Inpatient antibacterial use trends and patterns, China, 2013-2021.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Use of antibiotics and other treatments in Chinese adults with acute cough: An online survey.Integrative medicine research · 2023Article
- Aerosolization behavior of antimicrobial resistance in animal farms: a field study from feces to fine particulate matter.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of Antibiotics as Waste, Physical, Chemical, and Enzymatical Degradation: Use of Laccases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Antibiotic Use in China's Public Healthcare Institutions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Nationwide Procurement Data, 2018-2020.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Emerging macrolide resistance inThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2021Review
- Antibiotics (Macrolides and Lincosamides) Consumption Trends and Patterns in China's Healthcare Institutes. Based on a 3 Year Procurement Records, 2015-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
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4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe overuse of antibiotics is a serious public health problem in China, causing a high rate of antimicrobial resistance. This study identified the trends of antibiotic consumption in China to provide evidence for further intervention.
methodThe six-year surveillance data on antibiotic sales from 2012 to 2017, which served as a proxy for consumption, were collected from 39 public health care facilities in Shandong province, including three tertiary hospitals, six secondary hospitals, and 30 primary health centers. Based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)/DDD methodology, antibiotic consumption was formulated in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID).
resultsThe total antibiotic consumption among all health care settings increased from 16.07 DID in 2012 to a peak of 17.44 DID in 2015 and then decreased to 11.35 DID in 2017 with a 34.90% reduction. J01C (beta-lactam antimicrobials, penicillin), the most frequently used antibiotic class, accounted for 36.32% of the total DID. Consumption of carbapenems increased from 0.029 DID in 2012 to 0.08 DID in 2017. Parenteral antibiotics accounted for nearly 40% of the total consumption. Compared with the 2012 figures, the 2017 consumption showed a small increase in hospital sector that was compensated by the decrease in community care.
conclusionA substantial reduction in total antibiotic consumption was observed in China from 2012 to 2017. However, the extensive consumption of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, high proportion of parenteral antibiotic use, and increased use of last-resort antibiotics attracted public health concerns.
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