ArticleThe ocular surface2020
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) activates PPARγ signaling leading to cell cycle exit, lipid accumulation, and autophagy in human meibomian gland epithelial cells (hMGEC).
Article in The ocular surface, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic reprogramming in the enterocytes of neonatal piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: integrated omics and multi-batch analysis highlight alterations in lipid metabolism and potential therapeutic targets.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid Attenuates Inflammation in an LPS-Induced Mouse Model of Mastitis Partly Through Modulation of the PPARγ-NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Insights and Health Implications.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Review
- Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the mesenchymal stem cells of LZTFL1-depleted mice leads to increased adipogenesis, with implications for obesity.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- Activation of the mTOR pathway enhances PPARγ/SREBP-mediated lipid synthesis in human meibomian gland epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Preliminary investigation on the establishment of a new meibomian gland obstruction model and gene expression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Yin and Yang of non-immune and immune responses in meibomian gland dysfunction.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Expression Variation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Meibomian gland stem/progenitor cells: The hunt for gland renewal.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Primary cilia control cellular patterning of Meibomian glands during morphogenesis but not lipid composition.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Harnessing the power of Raman spectroscopic imaging for ophthalmology.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Review
- Induction of meibocyte differentiation by three-dimensional, matrigel culture of immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells to form acinar organoids.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Autophagy and beyond: Unraveling the complexity of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) from biological functions to therapeutic implications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
- The role of sphingolipids in meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular surface inflammation.The ocular surface · 2022Review
- Association of Serum Lipid Level with Meibum Biosynthesis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Melatonin Attenuates LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Response and Lipogenesis in Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells via MAPK/NF-κB Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of miR-130b Affects Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content via PPARG-PGC1α Axis in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Expression of Acyl-CoA wax-alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2) by human and rabbit meibomian glands and meibocytes.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Lipid droplets as endogenous intracellular microlenses.Light, science & applications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to access the ability of the natural PPAR agonist, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), to activate PPAR gamma (γ) signaling leading to meibocyte differentiation in human meibomian gland epithelial cell (hMGEC).
methodsHMGEC were exposed to EPA, alone and in combination with the specific PPARγ antagonist, T0070907, to selectively block PPARγ signaling. Expression of PPARγ response genes were evaluated by qPCR. Effect on cell cycle was evaluated using Ki-67 labelling and western blots. During differentiation, autophagy was monitored using the Autophagy Tandem Sensor (ATS) and LysoTracker. Lipid accumulation was characterized by Stimulated Raman Scattering microscopy (SRS) and neutral lipid staining in combination with ER-Tracker, LysoTracker, and ATS. Autophagy was also investigated using western blotting. Seahorse XF analysis was performed to monitor mitochondrial function.
resultsEPA specifically upregulated expression of genes related to lipid synthesis and induced cell cycle exit through reduced cyclin D1 expression and increased p21 and p27 expression. EPA also induced accumulation of lipid droplets in a time and dose dependent manner (P < 0.05) by specific PPARγ signaling. Lipid analysis identified both de novo synthesis and extracellular transport of lipid to form lipid droplets that were localized to the ER. PPARγ signaling also induced activation of AMPK-ULK1 signaling and autophagy, while inhibition of autophagy induced mitochondrial crisis with no effect on lipid accumulation.
conclusionsEPA induces meibocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation that is characterized by cell cycle exit, de novo and transported lipid accumulation in the ER, and autophagy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.