SynthesisAcademic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine2020
A Rapid Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Utilizing Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19.
Synthesis in Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mortality, viral clearance, and other clinical outcomes of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical and translational science · 2021Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in treatment of COVID19 -a systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of medical microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- A Rapid Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Utilizing Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Anti-malarial Drugs (Chloroquine and Hydroxy-Chloroquine) in Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 infection: A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- A Small-Scale Medication of Leflunomide as a Treatment of COVID-19 in an Open-Label Blank-Controlled Clinical Trial.Virologica Sinica · 2020Trial
- Study on the mortality risk and predictive model for COVID-19 inpatients with pneumonia manifestations.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Occurrence and outcome of COVID-19 in AIRD patients on concomitant treatment with Tofacitinib- results from KRA COVID COHORT (KRACC) subset.BMC rheumatology · 2023Article
- Subversion of autophagy machinery and organelle-specific autophagy by SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses.Autophagy · 2023Review
- Narrative Review of New Insight into the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiovascular Care.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Can anti-parasitic drugs help control COVID-19?Future virology · 2022Review
- The Ototoxicity of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: A Systematic Review.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Review
- Optimal COVID-19 therapeutic candidate discovery using the CANDO platform.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2021Review
- Potential clinically significant drug-drug interactions of hydroxychloroquine used in the treatment of COVID-19.International journal of clinical practice · 2021Article
- Repurposing FDA-approved drugs against multiple proteins of SARS-CoV-2: AnScientific African · 2021Article
- A telehealth-based randomized controlled trial: A model for outpatient trials of off-label medications during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2021Article
- Associated risk factors with disease severity and antiviral drug therapy in patients with COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Observational
- A study of the possible factors affecting COVID-19 spread, severity and mortality and the effect of social distancing on these factors: Machine learning forecasting model.International journal of clinical practice · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and the generation of novel scientific knowledge: Research questions and study designs.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2021Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has presented clinicians with a difficult therapeutic dilemma. With supportive care as the current mainstay of treatment, the fatality rate of COVID-19 is 6.9%. There are currently several trials assessing the efficacy of different antivirals as treatment. Of these, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have garnered the most attention.
methodsIn this study, the literature currently available on CQ and HCQ as treatment of COVID-19 was surveyed using EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedRxiv, and one clinical trial registry. Upon gathering published and preprint trials, risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0.
resultsThere are currently seven completed clinical trials and 29 registered clinical trials focusing on HCQ or CQ as a therapeutic avenue for COVID-19. Of these, five of seven trials have shown favorable outcomes for patients using CQ or HCQ and two of seven have shown no change compared to control. However, all seven trials carried varying degrees of bias and poor study design.
conclusionThere are currently not enough data available to support the routine use of HCQ and CQ as therapies for COVID-19. Pending further results from more extensive studies with more stringent study parameters, clinicians should defer from routine use of HCQ and CQ. There are several clinical trials currently under way with results expected soon.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.