ArticleMolecular oncology2020
Upregulation of cell surface GD3 ganglioside phenotype is associated with human melanoma brain metastasis.
Article in Molecular oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for melanoma brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The sphingolipid code of cancer: divergent roles across tumor types and therapeutic horizons.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- GD3s-mediated lipid metabolism reprograming promotes proliferation and metastasis of melanoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The ganglioside GD3 and its synthase (ST8SIA1) as novel senescence markers associated with osteoarthritis.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Identification of Glycosylation-Related Biomarkers in COPD and IPF Through Integrated Machine Learning and WGCNA Analysis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Overexpression of ST8Sia1 inhibits tumor progression by TGF-β1 signaling in rectal adenocarcinoma and promotes the tumoricidal effects of CD8Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Engineering macrophages for targeted immunotherapy and drug delivery in melanoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Insights into Siglec-7 Binding to Gangliosides: NMR Protein Assignment and the Impact of Ligand Flexibility.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Advances in Mass Spectrometry of Gangliosides Expressed in Brain Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- When a negative (charge) is not a positive: sialylation and its role in cancer mechanics and progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- The biological role and immunotherapy of gangliosides and GD3 synthase in cancers.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Optimization of 3D-aggregated spheroid model (3D-ASM) for selecting high efficacy drugs.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Emerging Studies of Melanoma Brain Metastasis.Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- Role of GD3 Synthase ST8Sia I in Cancers.Cancers · 2022Review
- Recent Developments of Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis for Monitoring Cutaneous Melanoma Patients.Cancers · 2022Review
- Cancer microenvironment and genomics: evolution in process.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2022Review
- Review
- A novel ganglioside-related risk signature can reveal the distinct immune landscape of neuroblastoma and predict the immunotherapeutic response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Melanoma metastasis to the brain is one of the most frequent extracranial brain tumors. Cell surface gangliosides are elevated in melanoma metastasis; however, the metabolic regulatory mechanisms that govern these specific changes are poorly understood in melanoma particularly brain metastases (MBM) development. We found ganglioside GD3 levels significantly upregulated in MBM compared to lymph node metastasis (LNM) but not for other melanoma gangliosides. Moreover, we demonstrated an upregulation of ST8SIA1 (GD3 synthase) as melanoma progresses from melanocytes to MBM cells. Using RNA-ISH on FFPE specimens, we evaluated ST8SIA1 expression in primary melanomas (PRM) (n = 23), LNM and visceral metastasis (n = 45), and MBM (n = 39). ST8SIA1 was significantly enhanced in MBM compared to all other specimens. ST8SIA1 expression was assessed in clinically well-annotated melanoma patients from multicenters with AJCC stage III B-D LNM (n = 58) with 14-year follow-up. High ST8SIA1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 3.24; 95% CI, 1.19-8.86, P = 0.02). In a nude mouse human xenograft melanoma brain metastasis model, MBM variants had higher ST8SIA1 expression than their respective cutaneous melanoma variants. Elevated ST8SIA1 expression enhances levels of cell surface GD3, a phenotype that favors MBM development, hence associated with very poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that ST8SIA1 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation, whereby ST8SIA1 knockdown had opposite effects. Icaritin a plant-derived phytoestrogen treatment significantly inhibited cell growth in high GD3-positive MBM cells through targeting the canonical NFκB pathway. The study demonstrates GD3 phenotype associates with melanoma progression and poor outcome.
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