ReviewThe Journal of physiology2021
Ketogenic low-CHO, high-fat diet: the future of elite endurance sport?
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sports Dietitians Australia and Ultra Sports Science Foundation Joint Position Statement: A Practitioner Guide to the Prevention and Management of Exercise-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations and Symptoms.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Guideline
- Symptoms during initiation of a ketogenic diet: a scoping review of occurrence rates, mechanisms and relief strategies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Concurrent Training Combined with Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Aerobic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of carbohydrate timing on glucose metabolism and substrate oxidation following high-intensity evening aerobic exercise in athletes: a randomized controlled study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Ketone monoester attenuates oxygen desaturation during weighted ruck exercise under acute hypoxic exposure but does not impact cognitive performance.Experimental physiology · 2024Trial
- Ketone monoester attenuates declines in cognitive performance and oxygen saturation during acute severe hypoxic exposure under resting conditions.Experimental physiology · 2024Trial
- The effect of a short-term ketogenic diet on exercise efficiency during graded exercise in healthy adults.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Trial
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- Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Trial
- The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial.Diabetologia · 2021Trial
- Neither Beetroot Juice Supplementation nor Increased Carbohydrate Oxidation Enhance Economy of Prolonged Exercise in Elite Race Walkers.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Is a Four-Week Ketogenic Diet an Effective Nutritional Strategy in CrossFit-Trained Female and Male Athletes?Nutrients · 2021Trial
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- Does a low-carbohydrate diet impede endurance sports performance? Yes.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Carnivore and Animal-Based Diets in Sport: A Critical Evaluation of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives for Precision Nutrition.Nutrients · 2026Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ability of ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO) high-fat (K-LCHF) diets to enhance muscle fat oxidation has led to claims that it is the 'future of elite endurance sport'. There is robust evidence that substantial increases in fat oxidation occur, even in elite athletes, within 3-4 weeks and possibly 5-10 days of adherence to a K-LCHF diet. Retooling of the muscle can double exercise fat use to ∼1.5 g min
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.