ArticleNPJ schizophrenia2020
The clinical course of schizophrenia in women and men-a nation-wide cohort study.
Article in NPJ schizophrenia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Colorectal cancer mortality in persons with severe mental illness: a scoping review with meta-analyses of observational studies.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of gut microbiota interventions on patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Proportion and predictors of remission and recovery in first-episode psychosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Pooled it
- Simvastatin Augmentation for Patients With Early-Phase Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Trial
- Concurrent Supervised-Unsupervised Representative Subspace Clustering (CSU-RSC).bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Olanzapine Dosing in Women with First-Episode Psychosis: An Age-Based Proxy for Menopausal Status.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Multidimensional moderators of treatment trajectories in people with schizophrenia at high risk of relapse: findings from a real-world lower middle-income country cohort.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Cortical Structures Underlying Schizophrenia and Sex Differences in Preadolescents: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Sex differences in internalising and externalising symptom patterns, pathway and persistence in adolescents receiving psychiatric care: a 2-year follow-up of the MILESTONE European cohort.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Elevated Copper Level in Schizophrenia Results in Neurotransmitter and Cognitive Alteration.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Xanomeline-trospium reverses phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits through modulation of the gut microbiota-brain axis in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Antipsychotic Discontinuation and Re-initiation in Pregnant Women With Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study From South Korea.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- The Association Between Attachment Style and Symptomatic, Social, and Personal Recovery: A Comparison Between Male and Female Patients Remitted From Their First-Episode Psychosis.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploring Sex Differences in Physical Activity Patterns Among Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Insights from the Diapason Project.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Relationship between N100 amplitude and T1w/T2w-ratio in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gender-specific symptom outcomes on cariprazine treatment: a 12-month naturalistic longitudinal follow-up study in schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Empowerment-based case management for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a three-year single case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Oestrogen modulators as augmentation to antipsychotics for the treatment of post- and perimenopausal psychosis: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- The indirect pathway hypothesis of schizophrenia: insights from perinatal asphyxia.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Long-term traditional Chinese medicine use and incidence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gender differences in schizophrenia have been reported in different aspect of the course of disease and may urge special clinical interventions for female patients. Current literature provides insufficient information to design guidelines for treating women with schizophrenia. We aim to quantify the clinical course of schizophrenia in men and women on premorbid hospitalizations and prescription drugs, age at diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, comorbidity, number of re-hospitalizations, and mortality. Our nationwide cohort study included all patients admitted for the first time to hospital during 2000-2014 for schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder in Finland. Gender differences were compared with logistic regression, by calculating incidence rates, and mortality was assessed with Cox proportional hazard model. We included 7142 women and 9006 men with schizophrenia/schizo-affective disorder and found that both women (71%) and men (70%) had often been hospitalized for another psychiatric disorder in the 5 years before diagnosis. In women, the last psychiatric hospitalization before schizophrenia/schizo-affective diagnosis was often for mood disorders (62%, OR 2.56, 95% CI 2.28-2.87). Men were diagnosed earlier (mean 34.4 [SD12.6] vs. 38.2 [SD 13.8]) with peak incidence around 22, while incidence in women declining only slowly between age 18 and 65. During ten years follow-up, 69.5% of both genders needed at least one re-hospitalization, with slightly more hospitalizations in women. Women were less often prescribed clozapine or long-acting antipsychotics. Mortality was lower in women (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.50-0.60), with fewer suicide and cardiovascular deaths, but more cancer deaths. These results suggest a diagnostic delay for women, which might be shortened by screening women aged 20-65 participating in affective disorder programs. As number of hospitalizations is not lower for women, clinicians should take care not to undertreat women with schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.