ArticleNature communications2020
SGLT2 inhibition modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity via ketones and insulin in diabetes with cardiovascular disease.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 356 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of the Effects of Dapagliflozin and Gemigliptin on Ketone Metabolism and Cardiac Remodeling in Type 2 Diabetes
Open the trial in the graphPilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Inflammation in Heart Failure
Open the trial in the graphEffect of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor in Cellular Senescence in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases or Advanced Type 2 Diabetes
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: A Potential Novel Treatment for Epilepsy
Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in the Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Who cites it
356 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 495 citations in OpenAlex.
- Renal Protection at a Metabolic Cost: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Perioperative Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- The association between anti-inflammatory therapies and renal outcomes in patients with established cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risks: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Global trends and prospects related to macrophage in chronic kidney disease: a bibliometric analysis.Renal failure · 2024Pooled it
- Potential use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors during acute illness: a systematic review based on COVID-19.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of empagliflozin on inflammation in patients with overweight or obesity and risk of heart failure: a substudy from the Empire Prevent Metabolic trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Trial
- Timing-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of empagliflozin in monocyte-derived macrophages from post-myocardial infarct patients with type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Trial
- The cardio-renal-metabolic role of the nod-like receptor protein-3 and senescence-associated secretory phenotype in early sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor therapy in people with diabetes who have had a myocardial infarction.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Dapagliflozin, inflammation and left ventricular remodelling in patients with type 2 diabetes and left ventricular hypertrophy.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Trial
- Dapagliflozin reduces systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes without known heart failure.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Trial
- Empagliflozin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Baseline monocyte SGLT2 mRNA expression and changes in the fibrosis-4 index after luseogliflozin treatment in participants with type 2 diabetes and MASLD.Diabetology international · 2027Article
- SGLT1 inhibition in cystic fibrosis: From preclinical evidence to clinical potential.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Review
- Irisin upregulation as a contributory mechanism for the therapeutic benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Immune Consequences of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Treatment: A Cytokine Perspective.Immunology · 2026Article
- Inflammation as a therapeutic target to improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Genetically Proxied SGLT2 Inhibition and Risk of Epilepsy: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study of Circulating Metabolites.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis in Obesity: A Critical Review of Oxidative Stress-Driven Inflammation and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- SGLT2 Inhibitors and Asthma Exacerbation Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Asthma: A Target Trial Emulation.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms, crosstalk and therapeutic potential of novel acylation modifications in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
296 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events in humans with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Activation of the NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and subsequent interleukin (IL)-1β release induces atherosclerosis and heart failure. Here we show the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Patients with T2D and high cardiovascular risk receive SGLT2 inhibitor or sulfonylurea for 30 days, with NLRP3 inflammasome activation analyzed in macrophages. While the SGLT2 inhibitor's glucose-lowering capacity is similar to sulfonylurea, it shows a greater reduction in IL-1β secretion compared to sulfonylurea accompanied by increased serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and decreased serum insulin. Ex vivo experiments with macrophages verify the inhibitory effects of high BHB and low insulin levels on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibitor attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which might help to explain its cardioprotective effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.