ArticleNature communications2020
Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 333 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
333 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 445 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota composition in responders vs. non-responders with hepatocellular carcinoma under ICI therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Functional convergence amid taxonomic variability in gut microbiome-immune checkpoint inhibitor research: a bibliometric and mechanistic synthesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The modulatory role of short-chain fatty acids on peripheral circadian gene expression: a systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- A gut microbial signature for combination immune checkpoint blockade across cancer types.Nature medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of a Novel Food Rich in Miraculin on the Intestinal Microbiome of Malnourished Patients with Cancer and Dysgeusia.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Microbiota as a modulator of drug response: targeting microbial-drug crosstalk in cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Dietary intervention through bacterial-derived butyrate elicits anti-tumor activity and increases anti-PD-1 response.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Microbiome interactions in renal cell carcinoma: evidence, challenges and opportunities.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- From diversity to function: microbiome precision in RCC.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Article
- Review
- Short-chain fatty acids act as metabolic and epigenetic regulators in CAR T cell therapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Molecular pathways linking the gut microbiome to antitumor immunity.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential in infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Advances in Exercise-Mediated Regulation of the Gut Microbiota via the Muscle-Gut Axis: Implications for Tumor Immunity and Treatment Responses.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Microbiome-pancreatic cancer crosstalk: From tumor biology to therapeutic intervention.iMetaOmics · 2026Review
- Global research trends in fecal microbiota transplantation combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Probiotics in Autoimmune Disease: Strain-specific Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota modulation of systemic immunity and cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, evidence, and therapeutic implications.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- The interplay between lipid metabolism, cancer progression and anti-cancer immunity.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
273 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition influences the clinical benefit of immune checkpoints in patients with advanced cancer but mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Molecular mechanism whereby gut microbiota influences immune responses is mainly assigned to gut microbial metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced in large amounts in the colon through bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber. We evaluate in mice and in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 blocking mAbs whether SCFA levels is related to clinical outcome. High blood butyrate and propionate levels are associated with resistance to CTLA-4 blockade and higher proportion of Treg cells. In mice, butyrate restrains anti-CTLA-4-induced up-regulation of CD80/CD86 on dendritic cells and ICOS on T cells, accumulation of tumor-specific T cells and memory T cells. In patients, high blood butyrate levels moderate ipilimumab-induced accumulation of memory and ICOS + CD4 + T cells and IL-2 impregnation. Altogether, these results suggest that SCFA limits anti-CTLA-4 activity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.