Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32358454›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2020

Risk of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting and noninjecting drug users receiving opioid substitution therapy.

Chih-Wen Wang, Hung-Yi Chuang, Hung-Che Chiang, Po-Chin Huang, Ming-Lung Yu, Chia-Yen Dai

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 41% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. [Seroprevalence and risk factor for hepatitis C in Nogales, Sonora].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2024
    Article
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  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Chih-Wen WangNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
Hung-Yi ChuangDepartment of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Hung-Che ChiangCollege of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
Po-Chin HuangNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
Ming-Lung YuHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Chia-Yen DaiHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Kaohsiung Medical University · TWKaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital · TWChina Medical University · TWNational Health Research Institutes · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common viral infection among illicit drug users in the world. Although intervention of needle and syringe program and opioid substitution therapy had engaged to prevent HCV infection, the prevalence of HCV infection does not seem to decline. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of HCV infection in injecting drug users (IDUs) and noninjecting drug users (NIDUs) receiving opioid substitution therapy.

methodsWe recruited 1179 heroin-dependent patients (age: 20-66 years) under opioid substitution therapy from 2012 to 2015 in a Psychiatric Center, Southern Taiwan. The data of HCV, hepatitis B virus and HIV infection and liver biochemical examination were obtained. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict the risk of HCV infection.

resultsThere were 93.1% of IDUs and 68.1% of NIDUs positive for HCV infection. In IDUs, HIV infection, age of heroin initiation, duration and dose of heroin use, frequency of detoxification, and number of criminal conviction were significantly associated with HCV infection. In NIDUs, snort/sniff heroin exhibited a significantly increased risk of HCV infection. Intravenous injecting (odds ratio [OR] = 23.10, 95% CI = 8.04-66.40, p < 0.001), intravenous injecting combined snort/sniff (OR = 12.95, 95% CI = 3.90-42.97, p < 0.001), and snort/sniff (OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 1.30-13.18, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with increased risk of HCV infection compared with smoking. The trend was significant (p for trend <0.001).

conclusionIn Taiwan, IDUs had harmful characteristics compared with NIDUs and both had extremely high prevalence of HCV infection. We provided evidence that snort/sniff is a possible way of leak in HCV infection despite needle-syringes supplement program been provided. Opioid substitution therapy program should include HCV assessment and treatment in the new direct-acting antiviral therapy era.

Indexed as

Opiate Substitution TreatmentAdultAgedDrug UsersHepatitis CHeroin DependenceHIV InfectionsHumansLogistic ModelsMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID32358454
PMCPMC13047965
OpenAlexW3013040334

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.