ReviewViruses2020
Repurposing Antiviral Protease Inhibitors Using Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Therapy of COVID-19.
Review in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Global Intervention for SARS-CoV-2 Combating: From Drugs Repurposing to Molnupiravir Approval.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Discovery of a new SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor from a natural product and natural product-like compound database using in silico and in vitro studies.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of New Thiazolidinone Derivatives as NNRTIs and SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy in mastitis: state of knowledge, research gaps and way forward.The veterinary quarterly · 2024Review
- Navigating the COVID-19 Therapeutic Landscape: Unveiling Novel Perspectives on FDA-Approved Medications, Vaccination Targets, and Emerging Novel Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of 3D and 2D cell culture systems on trophoblast extracellular vesicle physico-chemical characteristics and potency.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- COVID-19: An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Variants-The Current Vaccines and Drug Development.BioMed research international · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Intestine epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate inflammation induced byMolecular & cellular toxicology · 2022Article
- Circulating biomarkers of inflammaging as potential predictors of COVID-19 severe outcomes.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2022Review
- Multifunctional role of exosomes in viral diseases: From transmission to diagnosis and therapy.Cellular signalling · 2022Review
- Overview and Update on Extracellular Vesicles: Considerations on Exosomes and Their Application in Modern Medicine.Biology · 2022Review
- ACE2-enriched extracellular vesicles enhance infectivity of live SARS-CoV-2 virus.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Acute aortic dissection in a young man with bilateral Covid-19 pneumonia: A suggestive case report at Computed Tomography Angiography.Radiology case reports · 2022Article
- Genome Mining and Gene Expression Reveal Maytansine Biosynthetic Genes from Endophytic Communities Living insidePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- A Defective Viral Particle Approach to COVID-19.Cells · 2022Review
- Target SARS-CoV-2: theoretical exploration on clinical suitability of certain drugs.Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2022Article
- Scope of repurposed drugs against the potential targets of the latest variants of SARS-CoV-2.Structural chemistry · 2022Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In January 2020, Chinese health agencies reported an outbreak of a novel coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) which can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus, which belongs to the coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 showed 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV, with 96% identity to a bat coronavirus at the whole-genome level. COVID-19 has caused over 133,000 deaths and there are over 2 million total confirmed cases as of April 15th, 2020. Current treatment plans are still under investigation due to a lack of understanding of COVID-19. One potential mechanism to slow disease progression is the use of antiviral drugs to either block the entry of the virus or interfere with viral replication and maturation. Currently, antiviral drugs, including chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and lopinavir/ritonavir, have shown effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Due to the high dose needed and narrow therapeutic window, many patients are experiencing severe side effects with the above drugs. Hence, repurposing these drugs with a proper formulation is needed to improve the safety and efficacy for COVID-19 treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of natural carriers in the human body. They play a critical role in cell-to-cell communications. EVs can be used as unique drug carriers to deliver protease inhibitors to treat COVID-19. EVs may provide targeted delivery of protease inhibitors, with fewer systemic side effects. More importantly, EVs are eligible for major aseptic processing and can be upscaled for mass production. Currently, the FDA is facilitating applications to treat COVID-19, which provides a very good chance to use EVs to contribute in this combat.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.