ArticleNutrients2020
Extrauterine Growth Restriction: Definitions and Predictability of Outcomes in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants or Preterm Neonates.
Article in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth and human milk intake outcomes from postdischarge feedings among very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: A systematic review.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Early total enteral feeding versus conventional incremental feeding in preterm infants weighing 1000-1250 g: a single-center open-label randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Expanded Newborn Screening Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Impact of Prematurity on Nutrient Signaling and Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle.Annual review of nutrition · 2026Review
- Relationships of Early Parenteral Nutrition and Human Milk Fortification on the Growth of Neonates With Birth Weights Between 1500 and 1750 g.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Article
- Association of early probiotic exposure with age at NEC onset in preterm Infants: A retrospective multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessment of compliance to the guidelines on nutritional support in a neonatal intensive care unit: association with an electronic health Records implementation.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Association between perinatal growth restriction and subsequent body build in very-low-birth-weight infants.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Article
- AI to predict extrauterine growth restriction during transitional nutrition of preterm infants: a retrospective study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Observational
- Effect of nutrient supplementation on somatic growth in very low birth weight infants: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in the Gut Microbiome of Preterm Infants with Extrauterine Growth Restriction.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Predicting extrauterine growth restriction at the parenteral-enteral nutrition transition: a model for risk identification in very preterm infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory state and metabolic dysregulation linking delayed feeding progression to extrauterine restricted head growth in extremely preterm infants.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamic Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Health, and Metabolic Disorders in Preterm Infants.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Impact of colostrum oropharyngeal immunotherapy on postnatal growth in preterm infants based on early gut microbiota-host interaction patterns: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Patterns at Birth of Preterm Newborns with Extrauterine Growth Restriction: Towards Putative Markers of Nutritional Status.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Article
- Early human milk feeding: Relationship to intestinal barrier maturation and postnatal growth.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Impact of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Extrauterine Growth Restriction on Post-Discharge Growth in Preterm Infants: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in a Kangaroo Mother Care Program.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extrauterine Growth Restriction (EUGR) refers to inadequate growth during hospitalization. Current definitions for EUGR are varied and can be classified as cross-sectional (weight at a given t-time <10th centile) or longitudinal (weight loss between birth and a given t-time >1SD). Different t-times are also considered in literature, such as 36 weeks of gestational age (GA) or age at discharge. The aim of this study is to investigate whether EUGR could predict the auxological outcome at 24-30 months, and to evaluate the agreement between cross-sectional and longitudinal definitions. In total, 1589 infants with GA <30 weeks or birthweight ≤ 1500 g and without major congenital anomalies were included in this study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal EUGR were calculated at 36 and 40 weeks of GA, at discharge, and at 28 days. The concordance between the two definitions was estimated by Kappa coefficient. At 24-30 months, 803 infants were measured again. The agreement between the two definitions of EUGR was low. Both EUGR and not-EUGR groups were at lower centiles for weight, but at higher centiles for head circumference at 24-30 months than at birth. Longitudinal EUGR was associated with a poorer growth outcome for weight and height circumference than cross-sectional EUGR. No differences were observed for length. An agreed definition of EUGR is highly desirable in clinical practice to assess medical and nutritional interventions in preterm neonates. Based on the results of this study, we recommend the use of the longitudinal evaluation, that proved to better predict the auxological long-term outcome with respect to the cross-sectional one.
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