Observational studyRheumatology (Oxford, England)2020
Large-scale mortality gap between SLE and control population is associated with increased infection-related mortality in lupus.
Observational study in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality and survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology international · 2026Pooled it
- Mortality in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Lithuanian National Registry Data and Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Risk factors for mortality of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Balneotherapy, a Complementary Non-pharmacological Approach for Non-Inflammatory Complaints in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Pilot Study.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Trial
- CAR T-Cell Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Mechanistic Rationale, Early Clinical Experience, and Future Challenges.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Article
- A Mendelian randomization analysis reveals the role of the skin microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Observational
- Exploring Gut Microbiota in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Insights and Biomarker Discovery Potential.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Mortality patterns of SLE and the associated risk factors in Korean patients: a nationwide cohort study.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- The rs3918188 and rs1799983 loci of eNOS gene are associated with susceptibility in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Northeast China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- In-hospital mortality and associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis over more than 11 years in a reference hospital center.Rheumatology international · 2023Article
- Tuberculosis remains a leading contributor to morbidity due to serious infections in Indian patients of SLE.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Article
- Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio: a cross-sectional case-control study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Anorexia Nervosa in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Causality Dilemma.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Mortality in Elderly Patients With Early Breast Cancer.Arthritis care & research · 2023Article
- A Framework to Overcome Challenges in the Management of Infections in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2023Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine use is associated with lower risk of pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Development of a Conceptual Model to Understand Disease Burden in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Organ Damage.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the present study was to analyse the incidence, prevalence, mortality and cause of death data of adult SLE patients and matched controls in a full-populational, nationwide, retrospective study.
methodsThis non-interventional study was based on database research of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary. A total of 7888 patients were included in the analyses, within which two subgroups of incident patients were created: the 'All incident SLE patients' group consisted of all incident SLE patients (4503 patients), while the 'Treated SLE patients' group contained those who received relevant therapy in the first 6 months after diagnosis (2582 patients).
resultsThe median age of the SLE population was found to be 46.5 years (women 85%). The incidence rate was 4.86 and 2.78 per 100 000 inhabitants in the 'All incident SLE patients' and 'Treated SLE patients' groups, respectively. The standardized mortality ratio was 1.63 and 2.09 in the 'All incident SLE patients' and 'Treated SLE patients' groups, respectively. Overall survival was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in both groups than in the general population, with hazard ratio = 2.17 in the 'All incident SLE patients' group and hazard ratio = 2.75 in the 'Treated SLE patients' group. There was no significant difference between SLE and control deaths regarding cerebrovascular conditions as the cause of death. Generally, cancer-related deaths were less common, while haematological cancer and infection-related deaths were more common in SLE patients.
conclusionInfections, especially sepsis, had the largest positive effect on top of the extra mortality of SLE. This highlights that SLE patients are at increased risk of infection-related death.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.