ArticlePeerJ2020
Exosomes derived from M0, M1 and M2 macrophages exert distinct influences on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Article in PeerJ, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- M1 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155-5p exacerbates aortic dissection via SMAD5-Mediated regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Article
- Amniotic Membrane-Derived Factors in Immunomodulation and Regenerative Medicine: Current Evidence and Emerging Perspectives in Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Research progress on the effects of macrophage‑derived exosomes on muscle factors IGF‑1 and FGF‑2 mediating musculoskeletal crosstalk molecular signaling pathway on bone metabolism (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Applications of extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration: a narrative review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Stem cell-mediated recovery in stroke: partnering with the immune system.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Co-delivery of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages with an electrospun patch suppresses endometrial fibrosis via IL-10 related signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Non-Bone-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Osteoporosis: Evidence Mapping and Nanomedicine Translation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in oral and maxillofacial areas.International journal of oral science · 2025Review
- From "immune silence" to "immune dialogue": modification strategies for bone substitutes based on bone immunomodulatory characteristics.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Osteoimmunology in Osteoarthritis: Unraveling the Interplay of Immunity, Inflammation, and Joint Degeneration.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of exosomes in periodontal regeneration: Immunomodulatory and tissue-repair mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Signal Peptides and Their Fragments in Post-Translation: Novel Insights of Signal Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools in regenerative dentistry.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicle-functionalized bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Review
- Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating inflammation, promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as new players in chronic non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Osseointegration-Related Exosomes for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Implants.Biomaterials research · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone-Related Diseases: Intercellular Communication Messengers and Therapeutic Engineering Protagonists.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Strategies for Small Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifferent phenotypes of macrophages (M0, M1 and M2 Mφs) have been demonstrated to play distinct roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cells in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Our previous study also found that cell-conditioned medium (CM) derived from M1 Mφs supported the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), whereas CM derived from either M0 or M2 Mφs showed an enhanced effect on cell osteogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Exosomes, as key components of Mφ-derived CM, have received increasing attention. Therefore, it is possible that exosomes may modulate the effect of Mφ-derived CM on the property of BMMSCs. This hypothesis was tested in the present study.
methodsIn this study, RAW264.7 cells were induced toward M1 or M2 polarization with different cytokines, and exosomes were isolated from the unpolarized (M0) and polarized (M1 and M2) Mφs. Mouse BMMSCs were then cultured with normal complete medium or inductive medium supplemented with M0-Exos, M1-Exos or M2-Exos. Finally, the proliferation ability and the osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity of the BMMSCs were measured and analyzed.
resultsWe found that only the medium containing M1-Exos, rather than M0-Exos or M2-Exos, supported cell proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. This was inconsistent with CM-based incubation. In addition, all three types of exosomes had a suppressive effect on chondrogenic differentiation.
conclusionAlthough our data demonstrated that exosomes and CM derived from the same phenotype of Mφs didn't exert exactly the same cellular influences on the cocultured stem cells, it still confirmed the hypothesis that exosomes are key regulators during the modulation effect of Mφ-derived CM on BMMSC property.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.