SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Children Born with Congenital Heart Defects and Growth Restriction at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birthweight and isolated congenital heart defects - A systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022Pooled it
- The Heart of Fetal Growth Restriction: Congenital Heart Defects-An Analysis of Risk Factors and Morbidity Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of fetal growth and prenatal functional echocardiography in tetralogy of FALLOT.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Esophageal Atresia: From worry to wisdom-Global pediatrics · 2025Article
- The impact of congenital heart disease on somatic growth: a monozygotic twin study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Growth Failure in Children with Congenital Heart Disease.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Adverse Obstetric Outcomes in Pregnancies With Major Fetal Congenital Heart Defects.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Impact of isolated fetal congenital heart disease on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Down syndrome and associated atrioventricular septal defects in a nationwide Norwegian cohort: Prevalence, time trends, and outcomes.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Correlation between types of ventricular septal defect and chromosomal abnormalities in low-risk non-invasive prenatal testing.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Critical research gaps in treating growth faltering in infants under 6 months: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Utility of Fetal Cardiac Resonance Imaging in Prenatal Clinical Practice: Current State of the Art.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Early Mortality in Infants Born with Neonatally Operated Congenital Heart Defects and Low or Very-Low Birthweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
- Outcome and factors associated with undernutrition among children with congenital heart disease.PloS one · 2023Article
- Current Strategies to Optimize Nutrition and Growth in Newborns and Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Prevalence of Growth Restriction at Birth for Newborns With Congenital Heart Defects: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study EPICARD.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Population-Based Birth Cohort Studies in Epidemiology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Newborns with congenital heart defects tend to have a higher risk of growth restriction, which can be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes. To date, a systematic review of the relation between congenital heart defects (CHD) and growth restriction at birth, most commonly estimated by its imperfect proxy small for gestational age (SGA), has not been conducted.
objectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of children born with CHD that are small for gestational age (SGA).
methodsThe search was carried out from inception until 31 March 2019 on Pubmed and Embase databases. Studies were screened and selected by two independent reviewers who used a predetermined data extraction form to obtain data from studies. Bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. The database search identified 1783 potentially relevant publications, of which 38 studies were found to be relevant to the study question. A total of 18 studies contained sufficient data for a meta-analysis, which was done using a random effects model.
resultsThe pooled proportion of SGA in all CHD was 20% (95% CI 16%-24%) and 14% (95% CI 13%-16%) for isolated CHD. Proportion of SGA varied across different CHD ranging from 30% (95% CI 24%-37%) for Tetralogy of Fallot to 12% (95% CI 7%-18%) for isolated atrial septal defect. The majority of studies included in the meta-analysis were population-based studies published after 2010.
conclusionThe overall proportion of SGA in all CHD was 2-fold higher whereas for isolated CHD, 1.4-fold higher than the expected proportion in the general population. Although few studies have looked at SGA for different subtypes of CHD, the observed variability of SGA by subtypes suggests that growth restriction at birth in CHD may be due to different pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.