ReviewClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2020
COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.
Review in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04531319 (Evaluation of Immune Cell Subgroups in Covid 19 Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 340 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Immune Cell Subgroups in Covid 19 Patients
Who cites it
340 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 685 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and treatment of arrhythmias secondary to coronavirus infection in humans: A systematic review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring pentoxifylline as an alternative treatment for dexamethasone in diabetic patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of medical research · 2025Trial
- Intra Nasal Use of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid for Improving Olfactory Dysfunction Post COVID-19.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2023Trial
- Phase 2 randomised placebo-controlled trial of spironolactone and dexamethasone versus dexamethasone in COVID-19 hospitalised patients in Delhi.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Effect of Sodium Gluconate on Decreasing Elevated Nasal Calcium and Improving Olfactory Function Post COVID-19 Infection.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2022Trial
- How loss-of-function mutations inJournal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Hematologic and coagulation responses to Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccination in the Amhara region, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Mini Review on Metal Complexes as Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents: Insights from Molecular Docking Studies.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Medication, Nutrition, and Hygiene in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Review
- Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor dysregulation and its correlation with immunomodulatory markers in COVID-19 patients.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Potential Resistance Mechanisms Exhibited by Cystic Fibrosis Patients Against SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2025Review
- Review
- Integrated multi-sample transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 patients against controls using a bioinformatics pipeline.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of Early Biomarkers of Mortality in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: A LASSO-Based Cox and Logistic Approach.Viruses · 2025Article
- Utilizing plasma exchange for severe cytokine release syndrome after CAR-T cell therapy: clinical experience and literature insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Zinc on Viral Infection.Biological trace element research · 2025Review
- Review
- Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- A Retrospective Study: Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Patients.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the relationship betweenAsian biomedicine : research, reviews and news · 2024Article
280 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate immune responses, it can proliferate, unhindered, in primarily infected tissues. Subsequent cell death results in the release of virus particles and intracellular components to the extracellular space, which result in immune cell recruitment, the generation of immune complexes and associated damage. Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome. Antiviral agents and immune modulating treatments are currently being trialled. Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.