ArticleThe lancet. Psychiatry2020
Maternal perinatal depressive symptoms and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age: a longitudinal study.
Article in The lancet. Psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- From placenta to the foetus: a systematic review of in vitro models of stress- and inflammation-induced depression in pregnancy.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2023Pooled it
- Research Review: Developmental origins of depression - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2021Pooled it
- Internet-based interdisciplinary therapeutic group (Grupo Interdisciplinar Online, GIO) for perinatal anxiety and depression-a randomized pilot study during COVID-19.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Trial
- The longitudinal association between depression, anxiety symptoms and HIV outcomes, and the modifying effect of alcohol dependence among ART clients with hazardous alcohol use in Vietnam.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Timing of Exposure to Parental Depression From Pregnancy to Young Adulthood and Mental Health in Adult Offspring.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Association between repeat caesarean section and postpartum depression: an observational cohort study in Shanghai, China.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Peripheral Blood Transcriptomic Features Distinguishing Postpartum Depression from Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Postpartum Controls.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Anxiety and depressive disorders in the offspring of mothers with perinatal depressive disorders.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Parental Mental Disorders and Offspring Mortality up to Middle Age.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association between game addiction and lifetime psychotic-like experiences among high school students: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association Between Anti-Inflammatory Diet, Dietary Diversity, and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Pregnant Women.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of postpartum depression and associated factors in South Africa: a cohort study of 47,697 women.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Women's mental health during late pregnancy: A survey conducted in Shandong Province, China.Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie · 2025Article
- Corticosterone-induced postpartum depression induces depression-like behavior and impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in adolescent offspring via HPA axis and BDNF-mTOR pathway.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Distribution and determinants of early marriage and motherhood: a multilevel and geospatial analysis of 707 districts in India.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Joint modelling of mental health markers through pregnancy: a Bayesian semi-parametric approach.Journal of applied statistics · 2024Article
- A propensity score matching study: The prevalence of mental health problems among pregnant women at first antenatal care increased in Chongqing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Maternal postnatal depression and anxiety and the risk for mental health disorders in adolescent offspring: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence exists that maternal depression in the perinatal period has an adverse effect on a range of early childhood outcomes and increases the risk of offspring depression during adolescence. However, the association between maternal depression during the perinatal period and offspring psychotic experiences has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between maternal antenatal or postnatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age.
methodsThis longitudinal study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective birth cohort, which recruited 14 541 pregnant women with an estimated delivery date between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Perinatal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age were measured using the Psychosis-Like Symptom Interview. Offspring of mothers with complete data on maternal perinatal depression measures, and complete data on outcome (psychotic experiences) and confounding variables were included in the main analysis. For the main analysis, we used logistic regression to examine the associations between maternal depression (antenatal and postnatal) and offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years. We used biprobit regression to model the association between maternal antenatal depression and the two offspring outcomes (psychotic experiences and depression) at 18 years of age jointly.
findings3067 offspring for whom data were available on maternal perinatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences aged 18 years were included in analyses. Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age, with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1·38 (95% CI 1·18-1·61, p=0·0001) and after adjustment for confounders, an OR of 1·26 (1·06-1·49, p=0·0074). Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with both offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years (n=2830, OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·32 [95% CI 1·16-1·51], p<0·0001) and offspring depression at 18 years (OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·18 [1·03-1·34], p=0·016). From joint modelling, there was no evidence that the association between maternal antenatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences differed in strength compared with offspring depression (p=0·19).
interpretationThe offspring of mothers who experience depression in the perinatal period are more likely to report psychotic experiences at 18 years of age. If the association is found to be causal, it would strengthen the case for identifying and treating maternal depression during and after pregnancy.
fundingUK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.
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