Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32352145›Full record

ArticleInternational health2021

Vicious cycle of chronic disease and poverty: a qualitative study in present day Nepal.

Taranath Sapkota, Inge Houkes, Hans Bosma

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  6. The Role of Socioeconomic Determinants in Children's Health.Portuguese journal of public health · 2025
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  9. Chronic illness experience in the context of resource-limited settings: a concept analysis.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024
    Review
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  17. Socio-economic outcomes of COVID-19 on the marginalised: Who have taken the hardest hit?International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Taranath SapkotaDepartment of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Inge HoukesDepartment of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Hans BosmaDepartment of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn countries with out-of-pocket (OOP) payment systems for healthcare, the combination of chronic disease and poverty can have damaging socio-economic and health impacts for affected households. Using a life course perspective, this article aims to explore how Nepalese people struggle with, experience and adapt to chronic disease, poverty and their consequences, and how chronic diseases and poverty reinforce each other.

methodsIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 chronically ill Nepalese people with one or more chronic diseases and/or their caretakers. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically.

resultsThe adaptation strategies for the consequences of the huge OOP costs make patients and their households financially disadvantaged. The impoverishment has major social impacts and often persists across generations. The situation forces people to choose between avoiding medical treatment or further impoverishing their families.

conclusionsThis study explored how chronically ill Nepalese people struggle with socio-economic and health consequences of OOP payments for their disease. The article sheds light on circumstances and adaptation strategies that obstruct every attempt to escape from the vicious cycle of the poverty trap. Hence poverty and health adversities accumulate across generations and contribute to greater health expenditures, worse health outcomes and severely compromised social life.

Indexed as

Financing, PersonalPovertyChronic DiseaseHealth ExpendituresHumansNepalchronic diseaselife course perspectiveNepalout-of-pocket paymentspoverty trapqualitative study

Identifiers

PMID32352145
PMCPMC7807236
OpenAlexW3022440514

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.