ArticleScientific reports2020
Brain distribution of geissoschizine methyl ether in rats using mass spectrometry imaging analysis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence and Tradition in Dialogue: Biological Sex Variability in Phytomedicine Research as a Foundation for Safety, Efficacy, and Robust Evidence Standards.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Mass spectrometry imaging: new eyes on natural products for drug research and development.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2022Review
- Quantitative imaging of natural products in fine brain regions using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI): Uncaria alkaloids as a case study.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Protection against HTranslational neuroscience · 2022Article
- Yokukansan Inhibits the Development of Morphine Tolerance by Regulating Presynaptic Proteins in DRG Neurons.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Properties, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Active Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Geissoschizine methyl ether (GM) is one of the main active ingredients responsible for ameliorating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Kampo medicine yokukansan. GM is mainly metabolized into hydroxylated forms (HM-1/2). However, the brain distributions of GM and HM has not been reported in vivo. In this study, therefore, the plasma concentrations and brain distribution of these compounds were examined in vivo using rats injected intravenously with GM. Plasma concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and brain distribution using mass spectrometry imaging analysis. Plasma GM and HM-1 concentrations decreased in the 4 h after injection, whereas the concentration of plasma HM-2 increased at 4 h. In the 0.25 h-brain, GM signals were diffusely observed throughout the brain, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, amygdala, cerebellum, and cerebral ventricle. HM signals were detected only in the ventricles of the brain at 4 h. These results suggest that plasma GM enters the brain and distributes in the parenchyma of various brain regions involved in BPSD, while plasma HM does not enter the brain parenchyma. This study is also the first to visually demonstrate the brain distribution of GM and its metabolite in vivo.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.