ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2020
Intrathecal Antibacterial and Antifungal Therapies.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- MT-RNR1 genotype testing for preventing aminoglycoside-mediated ototoxicity: A guideline developed by the UK Centre of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation in Pharmacogenomics (CERSI-PGx).British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Guideline
- Intrathecal immune checkpoint inhibitors as adjunctive therapy for leptomeningeal disease: A case series and systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for the Use of Aminoglycosides Based on MT-RNR1 Genotype.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Guideline
- Intrathecal Isoniazid and Dexamethasone Therapy May Improve Outcomes in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis: A 2-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Fatal cerebral scedosporiosis in a liver transplant recipient: Diagnostic pitfalls and antifungal resistance.Medical mycology case reports · 2026Article
- A successful individualized comprehensive therapy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae induced multifocal brain abscesses: a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Copper ions restore antibacterial activity of tigecycline by regulating photodegradation pathway under light exposure.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Refractory cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis complicated by brain abscess and infectious hydrocephalus: a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Variations in ventricular distribution of polymyxin B following intraventricular administration in patients with central nervous system infections.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Antibacterial therapy in central nervous system infections - breakpoints versus minimal inhibitory concentrations related to body fluid levels.Infection · 2026Review
- An Engineered Solidified Peptide Hemocyte Sponge as Nanomotor Storage to Combat Bacterial Colitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Treatment of central nervous system infections caused byFrontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Community-acquiredFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Chemical strategies for brain delivery of genomic therapy.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and post-operative outcomes in children with purulent meningitis with hydrocephalus: 46 cases in a single center study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Drug delivery pathways to the central nervous system via the brain glymphatic system circumventing the blood-brain barrier.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Nanocarriers based therapy and diagnosis of brain diseases: cross the blood-brain barrier.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2025Review
- Treatment Options for Nosocomial Ventriculitis/Meningitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Intraventricular Tigecycline Therapy for Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt-Related Septic Shock Caused by Colistin-ResistantInfectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Intraventricular antibiotics for severe central nervous system infections: a case series.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intrathecal administration of anti-infectives is indicated in central nervous system infections by multiresistant pathogens when drugs that can reach adequate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations by systemic therapy are not available. Antibiotics that readily pass the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers and/or that have low toxicity allowing an increase in the daily dosage should not be used for intrathecal therapy. Intrathecal therapy is accompanied by systemic treatment. Antibacterials indispensable for intrathecal therapy include aminoglycosides, colistin, daptomycin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. Limited experience suggests the utility of the antifungals amphotericin B and caspofungin. Intraventricular administration ensures distribution throughout the CSF compartment, whereas intralumbar dosing often fails to attain adequate antibiotic concentrations in the ventricles. The individual dose is determined by the estimated size of the CSF space and by the estimated clearance from CSF. For moderately lipophilic anti-infectives with a molecular weight above approximately 1,000 g/mol, as well as for hydrophilic drugs with a molecular weight above approximately 400 g/mol, one daily dose is normally adequate. The ventricular drain should be clamped for 15 to 120 min to facilitate the distribution of the anti-infective in the CSF space. Therapeutic drug monitoring of the trough levels is necessary only in cases of therapeutic failure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.