ArticleBMC research notes2020
Prevalence of trypanosomes associated with drug resistance in Shimba Hills, Kwale County, Kenya.
Article in BMC research notes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- African animal trypanocide resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Pathogenic Significance of Trypanosomatids: Progress in Drug Resistance, Control Strategies, and Artificial Intelligence.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Trypanosomatid parasites, translational research in a One Health, One World environment.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Identification of Potential Vectors and Species Density of Tsetse Fly, Prevalence, and Genetic Diversity of Drug-Resistant Trypanosomes in Kenya.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT): Epidemiology, Biological Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review.Acta parasitologica · 2025Review
- One Health policy for combatting African trypanocide resistance.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- AnHeliyon · 2024Article
- Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomes Drugs for the Current Century.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Evidence-based advice on timing and location of tsetse control measures in Shimba Hills National reserve, Kenya.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: proper use of current tools and future prospects.Parasites & vectors · 2022Review
- Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya.Journal of parasitology research · 2022Article
- Perspectives on Odor-Based Control of Tsetse Flies in Africa.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Satellite-based modelling of potential tsetse (Glossina pallidipes) breeding and foraging sites using teneral and non-teneral fly occurrence data.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAnimal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a life-threatening vector-borne disease, caused by trypanosome parasites, which are principally transmitted by tsetse flies. In Kenya, the prevalence of drug-resistant trypanosomes in endemic regions remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to establish AAT point prevalence, drug susceptibility of associated trypanosomes, and measure infectivity by multiple AAT mammalian hosts to tsetse flies in Shimba hills, a resource-poor region with high bovine trypanosomiasis prevalence and morbidity rates at the coast of Kenya. We collected tsetse flies using traps (1 Ngu and 2 biconical), and then sorted them on sex and species. Trypanosomes present in tsetse flies were detected by first extracting all genomic DNA, and then performing PCR reactions with established primers of the internal transcribed spacer regions. Polymorphisms associated with trypanocide resistance in the TbAT1 gene were also detected by performing PCR reactions with established primers.
resultsOur findings suggest low trypanosome prevalence (3.7%), low trypanocide resistance, and low infectivity by multiple mammalian hosts to tsetse flies in Shimba hills. We conclude that enhanced surveillance is crucial for informing disease management practices that help prevent the spread of drug-resistant trypanosomiasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.