ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Child Salivary SIgA and Its Relationship to Enteric Infections and EED Biomarkers in Maputo, Mozambique.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of probiotic yogurt on relative respiratory tract infections, urine, saliva biomarkers, and fecal bacterial load in Ugandan children: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis Vesikari Score and Pre-Existing Salivary IgA in Young Children from Rural South Africa.Viruses · 2023Article
- Complementary measurement of nontyphoidalHeliyon · 2023Article
- Diversity and dynamism of IgA-microbiota interactions.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Characterizing child immunological responses to enteric infections with antibody detection in serum can be challenging in resource-constrained field settings, because sample collection requires trained individuals and its invasive procedure may lead to low response rates, especially among children. Saliva may present a promising non-invasive alternative. The objectives of this research were to compare salivary antibody levels in children to enteric infections and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). We collected saliva samples from children aged one to six years enrolled in a sanitation trial in Maputo, Mozambique, and characterized salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentrations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We used multilevel linear models to analyze cross-sectional associations between salivary SIgA and the number of concurrent enteric pathogen infections, as well as EED biomarkers in matched stool samples. Median salivary SIgA concentrations in this study population were 54 μg/mL (inter-quartile range (IQR): 34, 85 μg/mL), and SIgA levels were similar between children of different ages. SIgA was lower in children experiencing a higher number of concurrent infections -0.04 log μg/mL (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.08 to -0.005 log μg/mL), but was not associated with any of the included EED biomarkers. Contrary to evidence from high-income countries that suggests salivary SIgA increases rapidly with age in young children, the high prevalence of enteric infections may have led to a suppression of immunological development in this study sample and could in part explain the similar SIgA levels between children of different ages.
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