ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
On Top of the Alveolar Epithelium: Surfactant and the Glycocalyx.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Airway macrophage specific glycocalyx expression and remodeling following viral infection.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2026Article
- Naive CD4iScience · 2026Article
- Comparative electron microscopic visualization of the lung alveolar epithelial glycocalyx with different staining and labeling methods.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- Burn-Related Glycocalyx Derangement and the Emerging Role of MMP8 in Syndecan Shedding.Biology · 2025Article
- First contact: an interdisciplinary guide into decoding H5N1 influenza virus interactions with glycosaminoglycans in 3D respiratory cell models.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Enzymatic Modulation of the Pulmonary Glycocalyx Enhances Susceptibility toAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Multivalent, calcium-independent binding of surfactant protein A and D to sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) and hyaluronan modifications enhance the innate immune response to influenza virus in the lung.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2024Article
- The role of sialidases in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis and their use as a promising pharmacological target in bacterial vaginosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Matrix metalloproteinases mediate influenza A-associated shedding of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx.PloS one · 2024Article
- The pathogenesis of influenza in intact alveoli: virion endocytosis and its effects on the lung's air-blood barrier.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Xenon-Induced Recovery of Functional Activity of Pulmonary Surfactant (In Silico Study).Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- The unremarkable alveolar epithelial glycocalyx: a thorium dioxide-based electron microscopic comparison after heparinase or pneumolysin treatment.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2023Article
- Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Identification of a novel role for TL1A/DR3 deficiency in acute respiratory distress syndrome that exacerbates alveolar epithelial disruption.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- The role of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx in acute respiratory distress syndrome.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2023Review
- Endothelial dysfunction triggers acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Acinar micromechanics in health and lung injury: what we have learned from quantitative morphology.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- New Insights into the Alveolar Epithelium as a Driver of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Biomolecules · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gas exchange in the lung takes place via the air-blood barrier in the septal walls of alveoli. The tissue elements that oxygen molecules have to cross are the alveolar epithelium, the interstitium and the capillary endothelium. The epithelium that lines the alveolar surface is covered by a thin and continuous liquid lining layer. Pulmonary surfactant acts at this air-liquid interface. By virtue of its biophysical and immunomodulatory functions, surfactant keeps alveoli open, dry and clean. What needs to be added to this picture is the glycocalyx of the alveolar epithelium. Here, we briefly review what is known about this glycocalyx and how it can be visualized using electron microscopy. The application of colloidal thorium dioxide as a staining agent reveals differences in the staining pattern between type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells and shows close associations of the glycocalyx with intraalveolar surfactant subtypes such as tubular myelin. These morphological findings indicate that specific spatial interactions between components of the surfactant system and those of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx exist which may contribute to the maintenance of alveolar homeostasis, in particular to alveolar micromechanics, to the functional integrity of the air-blood barrier, to the regulation of the thickness and viscosity of the alveolar lining layer, and to the defence against inhaled pathogens. Exploring the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx in conjunction with the surfactant system opens novel physiological perspectives of potential clinical relevance for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.