ReviewViruses2020
Virus-Like Particles as an Immunogenic Platform for Cancer Vaccines.
Review in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Virus Biomimetic-Delivery Systems for the Production of Vaccines.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advances in Nanotechnology for Lymphoma Treatment: Targeted Delivery, Immunomodulation, and TME-Responsive Therapy Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Review
- Advances in cancer nanovaccines: a focus on colorectal cancer.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Engineered Cancer Nanovaccines: A New Frontier in Cancer Therapy.Nano-micro letters · 2024Review
- Endogenous capsid-forming protein ARC for self-assembling nanoparticle vaccines.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- The quest for nanoparticle-powered vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Cancer theragnostics: closing the loop for advanced personalized cancer treatment through the platform integration of therapeutics and diagnostics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Perspective vaccines for emerging viral diseases in farm animals.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2023Review
- Stimulation of the immune system by a tumor antigen-bearing adenovirus-inspired VLP allows control of melanoma growth.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment.Bone research · 2023Review
- Protein Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Enhances Immunogenicity and Breadth of the Antibody Response.ACS infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2023Review
- Virus-like Particles for TEM Regulation and Antitumor Therapy.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLP) spontaneously assemble from viral structural proteins. They are naturally biocompatible and non-infectious. VLP can serve as a platform for many potential vaccine epitopes, display them in a dense repeating array, and elicit antibodies against non-immunogenic substances, including tumor-associated self-antigens. Genetic or chemical conjugation facilitates the multivalent display of a homologous or heterologous epitope. Most VLP range in diameter from 25 to 100 nm and, in most cases, drain freely into the lymphatic vessels and induce antibodies with high titers and affinity without the need for additional adjuvants. VLP administration can be performed using different strategies, regimens, and doses to improve the immunogenicity of the antigen they expose on their surface. This article summarizes the features of VLP and presents them as a relevant platform technology to address not only infectious diseases but also chronic diseases and cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.