ArticlePloS one2020
GeoSES: A socioeconomic index for health and social research in Brazil.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Socioeconomic variation in the relationship between cardiac rehabilitation participation and clinical outcomes: a systematic review.Open heart · 2025Pooled it
- The Municipal Sustainable Development Health Index (MSDHI) to monitor the 2030 agenda in Brazil: a methodological proposal.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Mortality and morbidity caused by pneumonia in children and adolescents are associated with socioeconomic and urban conditions in São Paulo, Brazil.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2026Article
- Precarity in the Modes of Living: Proposing an Index for Studying Health Inequities at the Ecological Level in Colombia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Effects of land cover and air pollution on the risk of preterm births.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- Geographic variations in cancer incidence and mortality in the State of São Paulo, Brazil 2001-17.Cancer epidemiology · 2023Article
- Cancer inequalities in incidence and mortality in the State of São Paulo, Brazil 2001-17.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Assessing socioeconomic bias of exposure to urban air pollution: an autopsy-based study in São Paulo, Brazil.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Overview on and Contextual Determinants of Medical Residencies in North Brazil.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of Chemotherapy Regimens on Body Composition of Breast Cancer Women: A Multicenter Study across Four Brazilian Regions.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Factors associated with the quality of death certification in Brazilian municipalities: A data-driven non-linear model.PloS one · 2023Article
- Validation of physician certified verbal autopsy using conventional autopsy: a large study of adult non-external causes of death in a metropolitan area in Brazil.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Construction of an individual socioeconomic status index for analysing inequalities in colorectal cancer screening.PloS one · 2022Article
- Were the socio-economic determinants of municipalities relevant to the increment of COVID-19 related deaths in Brazil in 2020?PloS one · 2022Observational
- Observational
- Geographic access to COVID-19 healthcare in Brazil using a balanced float catchment area approach.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Seasonality and weather dependance of Acinetobacter baumannii complex bloodstream infections in different climates in Brazil.PloS one · 2021Article
- Article
- Inference of COVID-19 epidemiological distributions from Brazilian hospital data.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2020Article
- Spatio-temporal modeling of visceral leishmaniasis in Midwest Brazil: An ecological study of 18-years data (2001-2018).PloS one · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The individual's socioeconomic conditions are the most relevant to predict the quality of someone's health. However, such information is not usually found in medical records, making studies in the area difficult. Therefore, it is common to use composite indices that characterize a region socioeconomically, such as the Human Development Index (HDI). The main advantage of the HDI is its understanding and adoption on a global scale. However, its applicability is limited for health studies since its longevity dimension presents mathematical redundancy in regression models. Here we introduce the GeoSES, a composite index that summarizes the main dimensions of the Brazilian socioeconomic context for research purposes. We created the index from the 2010 Brazilian Census, whose variables selection was guided by theoretical references for health studies. The proposed index incorporates seven socioeconomic dimensions: education, mobility, poverty, wealth, income, segregation, and deprivation of resources and services. We developed the GeoSES using Principal Component Analysis and evaluated its construct, content, and applicability. GeoSES is defined at three scales: national (GeoSES-BR), Federative Unit (GeoSES-FU), and intra-municipal (GeoSES-IM). GeoSES-BR dimensions showed a good association with HDI-M (correlation above 0.85). The model with the poverty dimension best explained the relative risk of avoidable cause mortality in Brazil. In the intra-municipal scale, the model with GeoSES-IM was the one that best explained the relative risk of mortality from circulatory system diseases. By applying spatial regressions, we demonstrated that GeoSES shows significant explanatory potential in the studied scales, being a compelling complement for future researches in public health.
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