ArticleInternational journal of public health2020
Associations among experienced and internalized stigma, social support, and depression among male and female sex workers in Kenya.
Article in International journal of public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Sex Work Stigma as a Partial Mediator Between Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Vulnerable Women Engaged in Sex Work in Southern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- How has mental health impacted the HIV epidemic and how has the HIV epidemic impacted mental health in Western Kenya? A mathematical modelling study.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Patient preferences for long-acting antiretroviral treatment among people with HIV in Kenya: a discrete choice experiment.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health of Racialized Male Sex Workers: Scoping Literature Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The impact of self-stigmatization on the mental health of female sex workers (FSWs).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The development and validation of tour guides internalized occupational stigma scale (TIOSS).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Correlation analysis between sleep quality and the mental health status of female sex workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Province.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- The relationship between underage initiation of selling sex and depression among female sex workers in Eswatini.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Validating a measure of anticipated sex work-related stigma among male and female sex workers in Kenya.Global public health · 2022Article
- Mental health challenges and perceived risks among female sex Workers in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Depression in healthcare workers: Results from the nationwide AMADEUS survey.International journal of nursing studies · 2022Article
- A Prospective Study of Depressive Symptoms, Condomless Sex, and HIV Viral Load in HIV-Positive Female Sex Workers in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women Engaged in Commercial Sex Work in Southern Uganda.Psychiatry research · 2021Article
- Multidimensional analysis of stigma among female sex workers in Northern Uganda: Principal component and factor analyses.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study (1) estimated the association between experienced sex work-related stigma and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (hereafter depression), (2) examined independent associations between internalized stigma, experienced stigma, and depression among sex workers, and (3) investigated the potential modifying role of social support.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 729 male and female sex workers in Kenya.
resultsThe prevalence of depression was 33.9%, and nearly all participants reported at least one of the experienced and internalized stigma items. Increasing levels of experienced stigma was associated with an increased predicted prevalence of depression [aPD 0.15 (95% CI 0.11-0.18)]. Increasing internalized stigma was independently associated with higher experienced stigma and depression and appeared to account for 25.5% of the shared variance between experienced stigma and depression after adjustment for confounders. Social support from same-sex sex workers did not appear to modify the association between experienced stigma and depression.
conclusionsAddressing the high levels of stigma that sex workers face and their mental health needs should be a public health and human rights imperative.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.