ArticleMolecular therapy oncolytics2020
Article in Molecular therapy oncolytics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase may be a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target in cancer: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Targeting tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and future prospects.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- IDO family: the metabolic crossroads connecting immunity, nerves and tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma: amino acid metabolic reprogramming.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Identification and characterization of tryptophan metabolism-related genes in carotid artery plaques.PloS one · 2026Article
- Metabolomics as a tool for understanding and treating triple-negative breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- SIRPA, BTN3A1, and TDO2 in osteosarcoma: a prognostic triad with therapeutic implications from integrated genomic and pharmacogenomic data.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Plasma metabolomics for the preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.Endocrine-related cancer · 2025Article
- Recombinant Protein Spectral Library (rPSL) DIA-MS method improves identification and quantification of low-abundance cancer-associated and kynurenine pathway proteins.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- TDO2 + cancer-associated fibroblasts mediate cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma immune escape via impeding infiltration of CD8 + T cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Excessive progesterone impairs mouse decidualization via the Kyn-AhR pathway.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Current Status of Breast Cancer Immunotherapy and Prognosis-Related Markers.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Review
- Blocking Tryptophan Catabolism Reduces Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Invasive Capacity.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Targeting amino acid-metabolizing enzymes for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The role of metabolic reprogramming in immune escape of triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Patterns of immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer and new potential therapeutic targets: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in breast cancer: updates on clinical research and trials.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- Article
- Expression of Tryptophan Metabolism Enzymes in Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and NK/T-cell Lymphoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Microbiota-Derived Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Inside the Gut Pharma Factory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A plethora of previous studies have been focused on the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in cancer immunity; however, the alternative way of targeting tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) in cancer immunotherapy has been largely ignored. In particular, the specific role of TDO2 in breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we systematically explored and validated the expression and prognostic value of TDO2 in breast cancer using large-scale transcriptome data. We observed overexpression of TDO2 in many types of cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. TDO2 overexpression was revealed to be positively correlated with malignancy and tumor grade in breast cancer. TDO2 expression was higher in estrogen-negative breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, and it was correlated with worse outcome in breast cancer patients. TDO2 expression was correlated with immune infiltrates and tryptophan metabolism-related genes (IDO1 and kynureninase [KYNU]). Therefore, our results indicated that TDO2 plays a pivotal role in regulating the immune microenvironment and tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer, and it predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer, which suggests that TDO2 might be a promising novel immunotherapy target for breast cancer. Additionally, we established the concept that tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes (IDO1, IDO2, TDO2, and KYNU) may function through co-regulating the immunological microenvironment, and thus immunotherapy targeting IDO1 alone might be insufficient.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.