ArticleSSM - population health2020
The impact of childhood socioeconomic status on depression and anxiety in adult life: Testing the accumulation, critical period and social mobility hypotheses.
Article in SSM - population health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gender differences in the effects of economic inequality on mental conditions: a multivariate meta-analysis of Gini index and relative income position in high-income OECD countries.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing childhood, chronic, and recent adversity on internalizing symptoms and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- The effects of subjective and objective socioeconomic status on older adults' mental health in China: a life course-based perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Relative Poverty and Mental Illness in Adults, Children, and Adolescents in Industrialized Countries.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Both childhood and adult perceived financial strain impact age trajectories of change in emotional health in late adulthood.Aging & mental health · 2025Observational
- Long-term Effects of Local Area New Deal Work Relief in Childhood on Late-Life Depression.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Clusters and associations of adverse neonatal events with adult risk of multimorbidity: A secondary analysis of birth cohort data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Investigating depression pathways in a clinical sample: childhood adversity, reward, and threat processing.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Long-term effects of grandparental child neglect on adult grandchildren's mental health:SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Childhood neighbourhood quality, peer relationships, and trajectory of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- The importance of timing of socioeconomic disadvantage throughout development for depressive symptoms and brain structure.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Multigenerational inequalities of opportunity in health outcomes.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Early Life Disadvantage and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms among Young Black Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Effects of expanded adverse childhood experiences including school bullying, childhood poverty, and natural disasters on mental health in adulthood.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of perceived childhood socio-economic status and health with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in India: using data from LASI Wave I, 2017-2018.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- First-generation college graduates have similar depressive symptoms in midlife as multi-generational college graduates.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Article
- Social causation, social selection, and economic selection in the health outcomes of Chinese older adults and their gender disparities.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Exposure to neighborhood poverty from adolescence through emerging adulthood and sleep duration in US adults.Health & place · 2023Article
- Social mobility and perinatal depression in Black women.Frontiers in health services · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper examines the association between financial hardship in childhood and adulthood, and depression and anxiety in adulthood with reference to the accumulation, critical period and social mobility hypotheses in lifecourse epidemiology. Using the BBC Stress test, linear regression models were used to investigate the associations for the whole population and stratifying by sex and adjusting for age and highest education attainment. The critical period hypothesis was not confirmed. The accumulation hypothesis was confirmed and stratifying by sex women had a higher estimated mean GAD score if they were poor in both childhood and adulthood compared to men. Our findings do not support the social mobility hypothesis. However, stratifying by sex, a clear difference emerged with upward mobility having a favourable impact (lower) on women's mean GAD scores, while upward social mobility in adulthood did not attenuate the impact of financial hardship in childhood or men. The impact of financial hardship in childhood on later mental health outcomes is particularly concerning for future health outcomes as current levels of child poverty increases in the UK.
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