ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2020
The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,491 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients
Impact of Colchicine in Hospitalized Colombian Patients With COVID-19
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Trial to Assess Effectiveness and Safety of Rhea Health Tone® as add-on Therapy for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults in Indonesia
Interest of Plasma Exchange in Patients With Anti-interferon Type 1 Autoantibodies With Severe COVID-19 -
Study Design of the Diacerein Effect on Inflammatory Response in Patients With Covid-19: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial.
Covid Response Study (COVRES): A Northern Ireland Population Study of SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence, Predisposing Factors, and Pathology
Who cites it
2,491 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 4,600 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunopathological spectrum of COVID-19: from cytokine storm to autoimmunity-a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of supplementation with nutrients and dietary supplements on recovery and inflammatory response among patients with COVID-19: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Antenatal and neonatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and children's development: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis, investigating dose and time of fluvoxamine treatment efficacy for COVID-19 clinical deterioration, death, and Long-COVID complications.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Budget impact analysis of implementing point-of-care molecular testing for influenza A&B and RSV in Saudi older adult patients across hospital and home-care settings.Health economics review · 2026Article
- Article
- Pharmacovigilance signal detection of rilonacept using FAERS with exploratory Mendelian randomization analysis.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Associations of Pre-Pandemic CKD With Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19: The C4R Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2026Article
- A late-stage multi-dimensional intervention rescues lethal viral pneumonia in an aged hamster model.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Previous COVID-19 infection: An overlooked cardiovascular risk factor.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Common genetic mechanisms between obesity and COVID-19 severity: unravelling pleiotropic loci and biological pathways.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- Development and characterization of mouse-adapted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 expressing reporter genes.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Developmental Progress and Future Potential for Inhaled Biologics in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases.Drugs · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in lung diseases.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Risk of new-onset obstructive sleep apnea up to 4.5 years after COVID-19 in the urban population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early prediction of severe Omicron pneumonia using a multimodal a.i. model integrating delta CT radiomics and laboratory indicators.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The crucial role of RIG-I in upregulating neutrophil CXCR2 expression through the MAPK signaling pathway in viral pneumonia.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease interaction with host factors - identifying novel drug targets.Archives of virology · 2026Review
2,431 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alongside investigations into the virology of SARS-CoV-2, understanding the fundamental physiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is vital for the identification and rational design of effective therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the immune system and the subsequent contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression. From nascent reports describing SARS-CoV-2, we make inferences on the basis of the parallel pathophysiological and immunological features of the other human coronaviruses targeting the lower respiratory tract - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Finally, we highlight the implications of these approaches for potential therapeutic interventions that target viral infection and/or immunoregulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.